Evaluation of the Effects of Storage in Two Different Swab Fabrics and under Three Different Transport Conditions on Recovery of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

Roelofsen, E.; Leeuwen, van; Meijer-Severs, G. J.; Wilkinson, Michael H. F.; Degener, John E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.37.9.3041-3043.1999

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Swabs have an inherent difficulty transferring bacteria or fungi from the swab fibres onto culture media, and because the inoculum from the swab often is not uniformly distributed across several different agar plates. 24 If swabs are used, the type of swab should be selected on basis of its ability to collect micro-organisms. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) swabs should be used.…”

Section: Szilagyi Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections

Chakfé

Diener

Lejay

et al. 2020

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

370

322

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DEDICATIONAfter studying medicine at Hanover Medical School and philosophy and social psychology at the Leibniz University Hanover, Omke E. Teebken joined the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel at the end of the 1990s as a research fellow at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery headed by Professor Dr Axel Haverich, whom Omke E. Teebken later followed back to Hanover.In Hanover, besides working as a clinician, Omke E.Teebken was particularly active scientifically, contributing to the establishment of the then newly founded Leibniz Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO). His work focused on regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, and subsequently he wrote his habilitation thesis in in this field. After basic training in cardiac surgery, he specialised clinically in vascular surgery and played a pioneering role in the development of this field. Before being appointed director of the Clinic for Vascular Surgery e Endovascular Surgery at the Peine Clinic in 2016, Omke E. Teebken headed the Vascular Surgery e Endovascular Surgery Division of the Department of Cardiothoracic, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery at Hanover Medical School. Professor Teebken was a highly appreciated, committed, and competent colleague and teacher.On 8 April 2019, Professor Teebken passed away after a short and severe illness. He was member and author of the ESVS guideline writing committee, an esteemed colleague, and friend.We will always honor his memory.

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Section: Szilagyi Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections

Chakfé

Diener

Lejay

et al. 2020

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

370

322

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Gram‐negative bacteria possess one more cell wall, as compared with Gram‐positive bacteria. It is called outer membrane which is filled with water 20…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) treated with an aromatic N‐halamine precursor, m‐aramid

Kim

Huang

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A commercial m-aramid as N-halamine precursor has been coated onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric surface by pad-dry-curing process. The process is accomplished by padding the scoured PET fabric through the homogeneous m-aramid solution, drying at 150 C for 3 min, and curing at 230 C for 3 min. The PET surface coated with m-aramid was characterized using fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR exhibits new bands in the 1645 and 1524 cm À1 regions as characteristic of m-aramid bands, which indicate the PET fabric coated with m-aramid. XPS results show a distinguishable peak at binding energy 398.7 eV, which confirms the nitrogen atom of m-aramid on the PET surface. In addition, SEM image shows a layer of coating onto the PET surfaces, which demonstrates the presence of m-aramid coating on the surface of the PET. After exposure to dilute sodium hypochlorite solution, exhibition of antimicrobial activity on the coated PET is attributed to the conversion of N-halamine moieties from the N-halamine precursor. The chlorinated PET showed high antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The chlorinated PET coated with 10% m-aramid exhibited about 6 log reductions of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 at a contact time of 10 and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was durable and rechargeable after 25 wash cycles.

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“…Its use with Copan SRK rinse formula would appear a good option but this combination may not be ideal for all bacteria. Differences in the ability of different strains ⁄ species to survive and grow can severely disrupt the relative proportions of bacteria within a sample (Roelofsen et al 1999). This, in turn, would provide misleading information with regard to the types and ⁄ or numbers of bacteria present on a surface.…”

Section: Swabbing Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems associated with traditional hygiene swabbing: the need for in-house standardization

Moore

Griffith

2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

109

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Aims: To investigate factors influencing the recovery of micro‐organisms from surfaces using traditional swabbing techniques. Methods and Results: Stainless steel squares were inoculated with known levels (approx. 2·7 × 102–2·7 × 104) of either Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus and sampled using different swab/solution combinations. Overlaying the coupons with agar allowed colonies remaining on the surface to be enumerated. Conventional cultivation was used to determine the ease with which the bacteria were released from the swabs and the viability of the organisms within the solutions over a 24‐h period. Minimal bacterial growth occurred when the samples were stored at 4°C. At room temperature, whilst the presence of nutrients significantly increased bacterial numbers over time, the addition of Tween 80 to nutrient depleted environments significantly reduced the viability of Staph. aureus. The percentage of bacteria released from directly inoculated swabs was significantly higher than that recovered from surface swabs, highlighting the importance of effectively removing bacterial contaminants from a surface. Increasing the level of mechanical energy generated during swabbing increased the number of bacteria removed from a wet surface. However, it is hypothesized that cellular damage, perhaps caused by the swabbing action itself, may have reduced recoverability from a dry surface. Nonetheless, an increased ability to effectively remove bacteria from a surface did not necessarily correlate with higher bacterial recovery, implying that an equally important factor in terms of swabbing efficiency is the ability of a swab to effectively release bacteria into a diluent. Conclusions: Both swab and wetting solution can influence the number of bacteria recovered. Under the experimental conditions described here, the use of swabs coated with a brush‐textured nylon flock in combination with a non‐growth‐enhancing wetting solution appeared the best system to use when sampling a wet surface. However, this combination may not always be ideal and proper consideration must be given to how the sample is to be taken, transported and, if necessary, stored prior to analysis. Significance and Impact of the Study: Careful selection of swabbing materials can increase the sensitivity of traditional microbiological analysis. However, any improvements made are likely to be insignificant in relation to the overall poor performance of the swabbing technique.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Storage in Two Different Swab Fabrics and under Three Different Transport Conditions on Recovery of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections

Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections

Antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) treated with an aromatic N‐halamine precursor, m‐aramid

Problems associated with traditional hygiene swabbing: the need for in-house standardization

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