Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab therapy in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease

Abstract

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab therapy in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease Ocena skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa terapii adalimumabem u dzieci z chorobą Leśniowskiego-Crohna

Oesophageal achalasia in an 11-year-old patient with persistent respiratory symptoms and suspected bronchial asthma

“…Available treatment options for achalasia include pharmacological, endoscopic (botulin toxin injection or oesophageal balloon dilation), and surgical treatment [14,16]. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with fundoplication is considered the most effective and was performed in our patient [2]. A more recent treatment method is peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), which gives similarly promising results but is a less invasive procedure [19].…”

“…Oesophageal achalasia is a rare oesophageal motility disorder characterized by the inability of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to relax, resulting in its persistent contraction, and the lack of peristaltic movement in the oesophageal body [1]. These lead to the slower passage of swallowed food and liquids, and oesophageal retention and inflammation [2]. The most common complaints include dysphagia, regurgitation, aspiration, chest pain, persistent cough, and weight loss [1].…”

“…Due to non-specific symptoms and very low incidence (approx. 1/100,000) in the paediatric population, the diagnosis is rarely considered among children [2]. Of note, only 5% of the cases occur under the age of 15 years [2].…”