Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial feed additive against the adverse effects of feed-borne deoxynivalenol (DON) on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Hooft, Jamie M.; Bureau, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.019

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Subsequently, follow-up experiments on rainbow trout followed that investigated, next to the effects of DON on performance, nitrogen and energy balances and carcass composition, effects of a commercial anti-mycotoxin additive [115], potential synergy among Fusarium toxins present in naturally contaminated trout feeds [116], the impact of diet composition on detoxification capacity, and species sensitivity in a comparison with tilapia [117]. Trout fingerings (initial weight; 1.8 g) exposed to natural DON for 12 weeks showed reduced feed intake, weight gain, TGC, reduced nitrogen retention efficiency (≥1000 µg/kg), and reduced retained nitrogen (≥1500 µg/kg) [115]. None of these effects could be reversed by the inclusion of a commercial feed additive, suggesting that anti-mycotoxin products developed for homeothermic species might not be as effective in cold-blooded species, such as trout.…”

Section: Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Koletsi

Schrama

Graat

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The first part of this study evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxin patterns in feedstuffs and fish feeds. Results were extrapolated from a large data pool derived from wheat (n = 857), corn (n = 725), soybean meal (n = 139) and fish feed (n = 44) samples in European countries and based on sample analyses by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the period between 2012–2019. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was readily present in corn (in 47% of the samples) > wheat (41%) > soybean meal (11%), and in aquafeeds (48%). Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was frequently observed in feedstuffs and aquafeed samples. For example, in corn, multi-mycotoxin occurrence was investigated by Spearman’s correlations and odd ratios, and both showed co-occurrence of DON with its acetylated forms (3-AcDON, 15-AcDON) as well as with zearalenone (ZEN). The second part of this study summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of DON on farmed fish species and evaluates the risk of DON exposure in fish, based on data from in vivo studies. A meta-analytical approach aimed to estimate to which extent DON affects feed intake and growth performance in fish. Corn was identified as the ingredient with the highest risk of contamination with DON and its acetylated forms, which often cannot be detected by commonly used rapid detection methods in feed mills. Periodical state-of-the-art mycotoxin analyses are essential to detect the full spectrum of mycotoxins in fish feeds aimed to prevent detrimental effects on farmed fish and subsequent economic losses for fish farmers. Because levels below the stated regulatory limits can reduce feed intake and growth performance, our results show that the risk of DON contamination is underestimated in the aquaculture industry.

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Section: Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Koletsi

Schrama

Graat

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…In recent years, the awareness of mycotoxin-related issues in the industry has been raised again, mainly due to the increasing inclusion levels of plant meals in aquafeeds (Anater et al, 2016;Gonçalves et al, 2016;Gonçalves et al, 2017;Hooft, Bureau, 2017;Hooft et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth performance is one of the most prevalent clinical signs of DON across fish species. Building upon the current knowledge of the impact of DON in rainbow trout (Hooft, Bureau, 2017;Hooft, Elmor et al, 2011;Matejova et al, 2015;Ryerse et al, 2015), we have attempted to characterise reduced growth performance by exploring the impact of DON on ingredient digestibility. This was achieved by measuring total pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of deoxynivalenol on rainbow trout: Growth performance, digestibility, key gene expression regulation and metabolism

et al. 2018

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The impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) on rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, is mainly characterised by impaired growth performance and reduced feed intake, usually with the total absence of any visible clinical signs. Despite the high concentrations of DON in the present study (up to 11,412 ± 1,141 µg/kg), no clinical signs (except anorexia at the higher DON dosage) were observed, which confirms the difficulties of diagnosing DON ingestion.Compared to the control group, the proteolytic enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin) in trout were altered by DON ingestion. However, it was not clear if the observed impact on digestive enzymes was due to the direct action of DON, or a consequence of the lower feed intake determined for DON-treated animals. The impact of DON on the abundance of specific measured mRNA transcripts was unexpected with higher expression levels for insulin-like growth factors, igf1 and igf2, which are directly related to elevated insulin levels in plasma. This can also in part be influenced by the trypsin activity and by npy, given its higher mRNA expression levels. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy was not affected by dietary levels of DON, however, nutrient retention, protein, fat and energy retention were significantly affected in animals fed DON. Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression seems to play an important role in controlling feed intake in DON fed trout. In the present study, we have shown for the first time that DON is metabolised to DON-3-sulfate in trout. DON-3-sulfate is much less toxic than DON, which helps to explain the lack of clinical signs in fish fed DON. Being a novel metabolite identified in trout makes it a potential biomarker of DON exposure. Suppression of appetite due to DON contamination in feeds might be a defence mechanism in order to decrease the exposure of the animal to DON, therefore reducing the potential negative impacts of DON.

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“…The mycotoxin contamination of finished feeds and raw materials used in aquaculture as well as the negative effects of mycotoxins on aquatic species, particularly rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , have been highlighted in recent publications (Gonçalves, Navarro‐Guillén, et al, ; Hooft & Bureau, ; Hooft, Elmor, Encarnação, & Bureau, ; Ryerse, Hooft, Bureau, Hayes, & Lumsden, ; Tola et al, ). However, mycotoxin contamination is not generally assessed in commercial aquafeeds or plant meals used to manufacture these feeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichothecenes are extremely potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, interfering with the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of this process (Kumar, Roy, Barman, & Anand, ). Knowledge of the effects of DON on aquatic species has increased recently (Gonçalves, Hofstetter, et al, ; Hooft & Bureau, ; Hooft et al, ; Matejova et al, ; Ryerse et al, ; Tola et al, ), and studies on rainbow trout suggest that DON has a detrimental effect on feed intake (FI), weight gain, and feed efficiency (Hooft et al, ; Ryerse et al, ). Curiously, no effect has been detected on the immune status of animals fed with DON (Matejova et al, ; Matejova, Svobodova, Vakula, Mares, & Modra, ; Ryerse et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

Gonçalves

Menanteau–Ledouble

Schöller

et al. 2018

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The trend toward using plant‐based ingredients in aquafeeds is set to intensify; however, mycotoxin contamination might be a challenge. Two diets, with deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of 1,166 μg/kg (1.1 DON) and 2,745 μg/kg (2.7 DON), were prepared for short‐term DON exposure (50 days). A third diet with a low DON level of 367 μg/kg (0.3 DON) was prepared for long‐term DON exposure (168 days). Ingestion of DON by trout during both short‐term/high‐dosage exposure (50 days; 1,166 μg/kg and 2,700 μg/kg DON) and long‐term/low‐dosage exposure (168 days; 367 μg/kg DON) impacted growth performance and, to a lesser extent, liver enzyme parameters (2.7 DON). Histopathology showed mild to moderate changes in the liver but not in the other sampled tissues (intestine and kidney). Despite these effects, short‐term exposure of rainbow trout to high doses of DON did not result in increased susceptibility to Yersinia ruckeri. In both the short‐ and long‐term studies, the effects of DON showed a high interindividual variability. The present study confirms that subclinical levels of mycotoxins affect rainbow trout. The effects of such low mycotoxin levels could be masked by other production challenges while still negatively affecting productivity.

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Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial feed additive against the adverse effects of feed-borne deoxynivalenol (DON) on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Impact of deoxynivalenol on rainbow trout: Growth performance, digestibility, key gene expression regulation and metabolism

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

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