Evaluation of the efficacy of gold nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia infection in experimental animals

Mohamed, Mona Gamal; Elmarhoumy, Sirria M.; Saied, Eman M.; Zoghroban, Hager S

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108277

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Giardiasis is a key cause of malabsorption and weight loss worldwide; in some cases, it may cause developmental issues in children and infants [29,30]. It may lead to an increase in resistance to different diseases, thus leading to mortality [1]. There is a need for new alternative active therapies for use against giardiasis due to the side effects of regular antiparastic drugs and the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of some of these medications; additionally, resistance to therapeutic agents may lead to the creation of new harmful infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Antiparasitic, Antihepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Quercetin and Chitosan, Either Alone or in Combination, against Infection Induced by Giardia lamblia in Male Rats

Albogami

2023

Life

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Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is one of the most common protozoal infections and a key cause of malabsorption, some cases of mental developmental issues in children, and reduced body weight. The known antiparasitic medications, which are the standard drugs used for parasitic treatment, have several side effects and sometimes exhibit low efficacy. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the treatment with quercetin (QC) or chitosan (CH), either alone or in combination, as possible alternative therapeutic agents that may alleviate the side effects of G. lamblia infections and restore the normal architecture of the intestinal muscles. They are investigated as alternatives to other routinely administered drugs that may gradually lose their efficacy due to human resistance to therapeutic agents. This study was carried out on 50 male albino rats that were divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group: the control group (Group I), the infected non-treated group (Group II), the infected group treated with QC (Group III), the infected treated group with CH (Group IV), and the infected group treated with a combination of QC and CH (Group V). The effect was first evaluated by counting the G. lamblia fecal cysts in the stool, examining histopathological sections of the intestine with the appearance of trophozoites in the infected group, and conducting a transmission electron microscopic examination of the tissues of the small intestine. Alterations in the biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function and the antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissues of SOD, CAT, and GSH, and non-enzymatic markers of lipid peroxidation (MDA) were evaluated. The results showed a significant decline in the number of parasites in the stool samples, with a marked elevation in the number of trophozoites in the intestinal sections of the infected non-treated group as compared to the infected treated groups. The last group, which was treated with a combination of QC and CH, showed the best results in terms of a decline in the infection rate of G. lamblia in stool samples, with a marked and clear improvement in the intestinal mucosa, regular muscles with normal enteric ganglions, and reduced rates of intestinal injuries caused by G. lamblia trophozoites. Both QC and CH had non-toxic effects on the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidneys, as well as pronounced antioxidant activities due to the elevation of SOD, CAT, and GSH in conjunction with a decline in the levels of MDA. A combination of QC and CH can be considered a potent antiparasitic, anti-hepatotoxic, and antioxidant therapeutic agent; it could constitute a promising alternative treatment agent against G. lamblia infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flagellated protozoa, known as Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia), is a unicellular binucleate parasite that is mostly found in water samples; worldwide, it is the leading cause of diarrheal disease [1]. G. lamblia causes giardiasis, which, according to the most recent statistics, affects about 30% of children in the Middle East [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Antiparasitic, Antihepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Quercetin and Chitosan, Either Alone or in Combination, against Infection Induced by Giardia lamblia in Male Rats

Albogami

2023

Life

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“…Studies conducted on rats clearly showed improvement of the damaged mucosa caused by Giardia lamblia infection, Au NPs also contributed to the effective control of the parasite from feces and intestines. [87] Au nanoclusters synthesized by Wang et al were administered orally to mice and monitored using computed tomography, studies have shown that nanoclusters have a preventive and therapeutic effect on inflammation of the large intestine. The mechanism of this action is attributed to the ability of Au NCs to reduce reactive oxygen species, which are the main cause of intestinal diseases.…”

Section: Application In Inflammatory Bowel Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…conducted research presenting Au NPs as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of giardiasis and an alternative to the currently used drug, metronidazole. Studies conducted on rats clearly showed improvement of the damaged mucosa caused by Giardia lamblia infection, Au NPs also contributed to the effective control of the parasite from feces and intestines [87] . Au nanoclusters synthesized by Wang et al.…”

Section: Properties Of Ag Nps and Au Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Applications of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Core‐Shell Nanostructures Based on Silver or Gold Core: Recent Progress and Innovations

Kowalska,

Adamska,

Grobelna

2024

ChemMedChem

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Nanoparticles (NPs) of noble metals such as silver (Ag NPs) or gold (Au NPs) draw the attention of scientists looking for new compounds to use in medical applications. Scientists have used metal NPs because of their easy preparation, biocompatibility, ability to influence the shape and size or modification, and surface functionalization. However, to fully use their capabilities, both the benefits and their potential threats should be considered. One possibility to reduce the potential threat and thus prevent the extinction of their properties resulting from the agglomeration, they are covered with a neutral material, thus obtaining core‐shell nanostructures that can be further modified and functionalized depending on the subsequent application. In this review, we focus on discussing the properties and applications of Ag NPs and Au NPs in the medical field such as the treatment of various diseases, drug carriers, diagnostics, and many others. In addition, the following review also discusses the use and potential applications of Ag@SiO2 and Au@SiO2 core‐shell nanostructures, which can be used in cancer therapy and diagnosis, treatment of infections, or tissue engineering.

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“…It has shown prominent inhibitory effects against parasitic infections through inhibition and degradation of cell walls, inhibition of protein synthesis, and inhibition of DNA synthesis (Joseph, 2017). Studies have proven highly effective in killing G. lamblia (Al-Ardi, 2020;Baz, 2022) and Schistosoma mansoni in mice (Vazini & Esboei, 2018), and also indicated the ability of nanoparticles to kill rapidly replicating tachyzoite phases of the Toxoplasma gondii parasite (Folorunso et al,2019). The possible mechanism of action is that GNPs may interfere with the parasite's DNA, thereby damaging the parasite and causing abnormalities when cell divisions cause cell death (El-Naggar et al,2015).…”

Section: -Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy-ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Giardia Activity of Gold Nanoparticle and Flavonoid-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles

Al-Badry,

Al-Samarrai,

Mohammed

2023

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology

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The study includes the preparation of gold nanoparticles-GNPs by chemical synthesis and loading of isolated flavonoids from Cymbopogon citratus on GNPs. For GNPs and flavonoids-loaded-GNPs characterization, transmission electron microscopy-TEM, ultravioletvisible(UV) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy are employed.Twenty-five adult male rabbits were used, divided into five main groups (5 rabbits in each group): Negative control group(C-) orally treated with drinking water only, Positive control(C+) orally treated with parasite cysts (4×10 3 cysts /ml) to induce Giardiasis, the first group(G1): treated with 30mg/kg/day of metronidazole after inducing Giardiasis, while the second group(G2): treated with100mg/Kg/day of GNPs after inducing Giardiasis, and third group (G3): treated with 50 mg/Kg/day of flavonoidsloaded GNPs after inducing Giardiasis.The result of TEM analysis showed that the mean size of the isolated flavonoids was 433 nm, irregularly spherical, and the mean of GNPs was 14.1 nm and the shape of the particles was spherical, While the mean size of flavonoid-loaded-GNPs was 17 nm, and the particle shape was spherical.The treatment response showed that the treatment response with metronidazole(in G1) was lower than the treatment with the GNPs(in G2) and flavonoids-loaded GNPs (in G3). The C+ indicates an increase in the cysts number in the 1 st ,2 nd and 3 rd days after inducing infection with the parasite, and then the number of cysts gradually decreased on the 4th day after the infection to the lowest value on the 10th day. The treatment response for GNPs(G2) was on the 3 rd day, while in G3 the treatment response appeared on the second day. From the results of this study, we can conclude that gold nanoparticles and flavonoids-loaded-GNPs showed higher efficiency in the treatment of the infection with Giardia lamblia than metronidazole.

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Evaluation of the efficacy of gold nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia infection in experimental animals

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of the Antiparasitic, Antihepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Quercetin and Chitosan, Either Alone or in Combination, against Infection Induced by Giardia lamblia in Male Rats

Evaluation of the Antiparasitic, Antihepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Quercetin and Chitosan, Either Alone or in Combination, against Infection Induced by Giardia lamblia in Male Rats

Medical Applications of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Core‐Shell Nanostructures Based on Silver or Gold Core: Recent Progress and Innovations

Anti-Giardia Activity of Gold Nanoparticle and Flavonoid-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles

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