Evaluation of the efficacy of extrapolation population modeling to predict the dynamics of <i>Americamysis bahia</i> populations in the laboratory

Kuhn, Anne; Munns, Wayne R.; Champlin, Denise; McKinney, Richard A.; Tagliabue, Mark; Serbst, Jonathan R.; Gleason, Timothy R.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620200125

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…This animal model has several experimental advantages that make it a valuable tool in evolutionary and conservation genetics. Because they are widely used in toxicological studies, optimal culture conditions and demographics are well characterized [30-32]. Time from conception to first mating is approximately three weeks at 25°C and 30 parts per thousand (ppt) salinity [31,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic diversity and fitness in multiple environments

et al. 2010

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BackgroundWhen a large number of alleles are lost from a population, increases in individual homozygosity may reduce individual fitness through inbreeding depression. Modest losses of allelic diversity may also negatively impact long-term population viability by reducing the capacity of populations to adapt to altered environments. However, it is not clear how much genetic diversity within populations may be lost before populations are put at significant risk. Development of tools to evaluate this relationship would be a valuable contribution to conservation biology. To address these issues, we have created an experimental system that uses laboratory populations of an estuarine crustacean, Americamysis bahia with experimentally manipulated levels of genetic diversity. We created replicate cultures with five distinct levels of genetic diversity and monitored them for 16 weeks in both permissive (ambient seawater) and stressful conditions (diluted seawater). The relationship between molecular genetic diversity at presumptive neutral loci and population vulnerability was assessed by AFLP analysis.ResultsPopulations with very low genetic diversity demonstrated reduced fitness relative to high diversity populations even under permissive conditions. Population performance decreased in the stressful environment for all levels of genetic diversity relative to performance in the permissive environment. Twenty percent of the lowest diversity populations went extinct before the end of the study in permissive conditions, whereas 73% of the low diversity lines went extinct in the stressful environment. All high genetic diversity populations persisted for the duration of the study, although population sizes and reproduction were reduced under stressful environmental conditions. Levels of fitness varied more among replicate low diversity populations than among replicate populations with high genetic diversity. There was a significant correlation between AFLP diversity and population fitness overall; however, AFLP markers performed poorly at detecting modest but consequential losses of genetic diversity. High diversity lines in the stressful environment showed some evidence of relative improvement as the experiment progressed while the low diversity lines did not.ConclusionsThe combined effects of reduced average fitness and increased variability contributed to increased extinction rates for very low diversity populations. More modest losses of genetic diversity resulted in measurable decreases in population fitness; AFLP markers did not always detect these losses. However when AFLP markers indicated lost genetic diversity, these losses were associated with reduced population fitness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic diversity and fitness in multiple environments

et al. 2010

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Transformation Products of Alkylphenols

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Bolívar‐Subirats

Barata

et al. 2014

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

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Time and space issues in ecotoxicology: Population models, landscape pattern analysis, and long-range environmental chemistry

Ares

2003

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Abstract-Advances in ecotoxicology addressing problems of time and spatial scales are presented and interpreted in the frame of concepts on population/community dynamics and landscape pattern analysis. Example deterministic/probabilistic modeling experiments are used to illustrate key concepts. Space and time scales analyzed are single and multigenerations of local populations, metapopulations, community, and ecosystem/landscape. Most population models used in recent ecotoxicology studies are deterministic and do not include a formal treatment of spatial processes, like migration or local random extinction. Some metapopulation models have been applied with success. Upscaling of ecotoxicological results at the community level is less developed, probably because of the inherent complexity of indirect and direct coactions among organisms. Community and ecosystem toxicity end points that could find a broad use in regulatory applications have not yet been identified. Some practical issues like the estimation of the potential for the natural attenuation of toxicity and the transport of contaminants along food chains must be addressed at these scales/levels of biological complexity. The estimation of ecotoxicological effects has been increasingly evolving to integrate modeling and monitoring contaminant transport and fate, landscape pattern analysis, and spatially explicit population dynamics (including direct and indirect communal interactions).

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Evaluation of the efficacy of extrapolation population modeling to predict the dynamics of Americamysis bahia populations in the laboratory

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Population genetic diversity and fitness in multiple environments

Population genetic diversity and fitness in multiple environments

Transformation Products of Alkylphenols

Time and space issues in ecotoxicology: Population models, landscape pattern analysis, and long-range environmental chemistry

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