Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine

Silitonga, A.S.; Masjuki, H.H.; Ong, Hwai Chyuan; Sebayang, Abdi Hanra; Dharma, Surya; Kusumo, Fitranto; Siswantoro, Joko; Milano, Jassinnee; Daud, Khairil; Mahlia, T.M.I.; Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Sugiyanto, Bambang

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.202

Cited by 246 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Table 8 reveals that while bioethanol was used as fuel, almost 2.5 times environmental pollution by CO 2 has been turned down compared to diesel utilization. Reducing CO 2 in the environment has become an emerging issue all over the world, including Malaysia [52][53][54]. Another fact is that the banana stem absorbs CO 2 from the environment for growth purposes since it is a renewable energy source, while diesel purely adds CO 2 to the environment without any absorption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem

et al. 2019

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Banana stem is being considered as the second largest waste biomass in Malaysia. Therefore, the environmental challenge of managing this huge amount of biomass as well as converting the feedstock into value-added products has spurred the demand for diversified applications to be implemented as a realistic approach. In this study, banana stem waste was experimented for bioethanol generation via hydrolysis and fermentation methods with the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) subsequently. Along with the experimental analysis, a realistic pilot scale application of electricity generation from the bioethanol has been designed by HOMER software to demonstrate techno-economic and environmental impact. During sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest glucose yield was 5.614 and 40.61 g/L, respectively. During fermentation, the maximum and minimum glucose yield was 62.23 g/L at 12 h and 0.69 g/L at 72 h, respectively. Subsequently, 99.8% pure bioethanol was recovered by a distillation process. Plant modeling simulated operating costs 65,980 US$/y, net production cost 869347 US$ and electricity cost 0.392 US$/kWh. The CO 2 emission from bioethanol was 97,161 kg/y and SO 2 emission was 513 kg/y which is much lower than diesel emission. The overall bioethanol production from banana stem and application of electricity generation presented the approach economically favorable and environmentally benign.

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, there is an urgent need to gauge and combat its effect on global climate change. In general, the source of CO 2 comes mostly from combustion of fossil fuel, natural gas stream, and industrial processes [1][2][3][4][5]. As stated in BP energy statistics in 2018, there were 33,890.8 MT (metric tonne) of CO 2 emission worldwide and the value was driven by the high energy demand.…”

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confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia

et al. 2020

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Growing concern on global warming directly related to CO2 emissions is steering the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). With Malaysia having an estimated 37 Tscfd (Trillion standard cubic feet) of natural gas remains undeveloped in CO2 containing natural gas fields, there is a need to assess the viability of CCS implementation. This study performs a techno-economic analysis for CCS at an offshore natural gas field in Malaysia. The framework includes a gas field model, revenue model, and cost model. A techno-economic spreadsheet consisting of Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is developed over the gas field’s production life of 15 years for four distinctive CO2 capture technologies, which are membrane, chemical absorption, physical absorption, and cryogenics. Results predict that physical absorption solvent (Selexol) as CO2 capture technology is most feasible with IRR of 15% and PBP of 7.94 years. The output from the techno-economic model and associated risks of the CCS project are quantified by employing sensitivity analysis (SA), which indicated that the project NPV is exceptionally sensitive to gas price. On this basis, the economic performance of the project is reliant on revenues from gas sales, which is dictated by gas market price uncertainties.

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“…Table 7 shows the characteristic peaks of WCG methyl ester. The fuel properties of WCG biodiesel produced through ultrasonic transesterification were analysed and compared to the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards [51]. Table 8 shows the fuel properties of WCG FAME.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production

et al. 2020

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Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel.Coffee is the world's second-largest traded liquid commodity, after oil, with approximately 8 million tons of coffee produced each year [13]. A large amount of heat energy is used to convert green coffee beans into brown roasted beans in the brewing process, generating large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [14]. The enormous demand for this beverage also produces a large quantity of residual waste after brewing. Every 1 ton of coffee beans produces 650 kg of coffee residue after brewing, known as WCG [15]. The global coffee industry produced an estimate of 9.34 million tons of waste in 2017, which was either incinerated, dumped in landfills or composted [16]. Every year Australia produces an estimated 75,000 tonnes of used ground coffee waste, and 93% of cafes send their WCGs to landfill. The annual domestic coffee consumption in Australia has reached almost 1.9 million 60 kg bags. On average, Australians consumed around 1.92 kilograms of coffee per person in 2017 [17]. The grounds that are used to make coffee are used only once and then immediately discarded. With rising rates of consumption, waste residues from the coffee industry (by-products from harvesting, processing, roasting and brewing stages of coffee production and processing) represent a challenge to worldwide directives aiming to reduce landfill volume. The inherent toxicity of several constituents within coffee...

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Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine

Cited by 246 publications

References 68 publications

Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem

Experimental Investigation, Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production from Banana Stem

Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Capture Technologies in Offshore Natural Gas Field: Implications to Carbon Capture and Storage in Malaysia

Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production

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