Evaluation of the epidemiology of peanut allergy in the United Kingdom

Scott, Laura A.; Jones, Bethan; Berni, Thomas R; Berni, Ellen; Vries, JE de; Currie, Craig John

doi:10.1080/1744666x.2020.1693264

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies in the US and Canada have reported that 11%–17% of accidental exposures were severe (Table 2). 20,50,51 A cross‐sectional nationwide US study in 754 children with PA reported an anaphylaxis rate of 14.2%, compared with 8.1% in children with other food allergies, 7 and a UK clinical practice database study found a considerably lower anaphylaxis rate of 1.2% of all patients (children and adults) with PA vs 0.007% of matched controls 44 . Another US study reported that anaphylaxis occurred in approximately 35% of 525 children over a 5‐year period, 6 and a smaller study ( n = 83) reported a 5‐year rate of reactions with ‘potentially life‐threatening symptoms’ in approximately 52% of children (Table 2).…”

Section: Healthcare Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of illness of peanut allergy: A comprehensive literature review

Lieberman

Gupta

Knibb

et al. 2021

Allergy

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Peanut allergy (PA) currently affects approximately 2% of the general population of Western nations and may be increasing in prevalence. Patients with PA and their families/caregivers bear a considerable burden of self‐management to avoid accidental peanut exposure and to administer emergency medication (adrenaline) if needed. Compared with other food allergies, PA is associated with higher rates of accidental exposure, severe reactions and potentially fatal anaphylaxis. Approximately 7%–14% of patients with PA experience accidental peanut exposure annually, and one‐third to one‐half may experience anaphylaxis, although fatalities are rare. These risks impose considerably high healthcare utilization and economic costs for patients with PA and restrictions on daily activities. Measures to accommodate patients with PA are often inadequate, with inconsistent standards for food labelling and inadequate safety policies in public establishments such as restaurants and schools. Children with PA are often bullied, resulting in sadness, humiliation and anxiety. These factors cumulatively contribute to significantly reduced health‐related quality of life for patients with PA and families/caregivers. Such factors also provide essential context for risk/benefit assessments of new PA therapies. This narrative review comprehensively assessed the various factors comprising the burden of PA.

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Section: Healthcare Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of illness of peanut allergy: A comprehensive literature review

Lieberman

Gupta

Knibb

et al. 2021

Allergy

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“…[1][2][3] Asthma affects 9%-18%, 4,5 and allergic rhinitis (AR) affects up to 40% of children. 6 Food allergy (FA) is an epidemic among children in Westernized countries [7][8][9] and significantly impairs quality of life. 10,11 Between 15 and 40% of children with FA have experienced a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction and 30% report allergies to multiple foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Brough

Nadeau

Sindher

et al. 2020

Allergy

192

168

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There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual‐allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL‐33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.

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“…1,2 This pathology is particularly present in preschoolers, with 105 cases per 100,000 in aged 0-4 years versus 13.4 per 100,000 in patients aged 5þ years. 3 In the United States, data from surveys indicate that peanut allergy affects 1.8% of adults 4 and 2.1 of children, with a reported increase between 1997 and 2008 in youngsters. 5 Thus, the perception of an increase in peanut allergy in that country is extant.…”

Section: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 This pathology is particularly present in preschoolers, with 105 cases per 100,000 in aged 0–4 years versus 13.4 per 100,000 in patients aged 5+ years. 3 …”

Section: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy: The con argument

Fiocchi

Artesani

Fierro

et al. 2020

World Allergy Organization Journal

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Background: In some countries of the world, peanut allergy represents an important source of anaphylactic reactions. Traditionally treated with the avoidance of responsible allergens, this condition can also be targeted by oral peanut immunotherapy. Methods: In this study, we review the beneficial and side effects of currently available forms of peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT). We report the discussions resulting from the publication of a meta-analysis that brought to light the downsides of oral immunotherapy for peanuts. Results: In some clinical situations, the risk-benefit ratio can favor peanut oral immunotherapy over avoidance. In many other situations, this is not the case. The decision must be based on the values and preferences of clinicians and patients. Those not ready to accept serious adverse effects from POIT are likely to continue the elimination diet; those motivated to achieving desensitization, and prepared to accept serious adverse effects, may choose to undergo POIT. Conclusions: Without being prejudiced against peanut oral immunotherapy, we indicate the possible evolution of treatment for this condition is in a rapidly evolving broader scenario. Among the future options, sublingual immunotherapy, parenteral immunotherapy with modified allergens, transcutaneous immunotherapy, and the use of biologics will become important options.

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Evaluation of the epidemiology of peanut allergy in the United Kingdom

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

The global burden of illness of peanut allergy: A comprehensive literature review

The global burden of illness of peanut allergy: A comprehensive literature review

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy: The con argument

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