Evaluation of the European method for mapping lichen diversity (LDV) as an indicator of environmental stress in the Czech Republic

Svoboda, David

doi:10.2478/s11756-007-0085-5

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The enzymes used for the purpose are above all LDH, CK and transaminases (ALT and AST). A significant increase in the activity of the above mentioned plasma enzymes indicates stress-based tissue impairment (Svoboda, 2001). After acute exposure to cypermethrin, a significant increase (P < 0.01) in AST level was found in experimental trout in comparison to control specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Velíšek¹,

Własow²,

Gomułka³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

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469Cypermethrin is a widely used pesticide based on pyrethroids. It is among the most effective pyrethroid preparations (Bradbury and Coats, 1989a). The mechanism of its effectiveness in the case of fish is the same as that of other pyrethroids containing -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl groups. They block the sodium channels of nerve filaments, thereby lengthening their depolarisation phase; moreover, they affect the GABA receptors in the nerve filaments (Bradbury and Coats, 1989b;Hayes, 1994).Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used for the control of ectoparasites which infest cat- ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cypermethrin [(R,S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)--cis,tra-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate] on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The effect was assessed on the basis of the results of acute toxicity tests and on the comparison of results of haematological, biochemical and histopathological tissue examinations of a control and experimental group exposed to Alimetrine 10 EM pesticide preparation (active substance 100 g/l of cypermethrin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Alimethrine 10 EM was 31.4 µg/l. Examination of erythrocyte, leukocyte and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examination was performed on 15 control and 15 experimental specimens of one-to-two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Alimetrine 10 EM in the concentration of 31.4 µg/l. The experimental group showed significantly higher values (P < 0.01) of plasma ammonia (NH 3 ), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactate (LACT) and significantly lower (P < 0.01) values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to the control group. Also, a significant decrease in count of developmental forms of myeloid sequence, and segmented neutrophile granulocytes in the experimental group were found. Teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed with histopathological examination. No histopathological changes were demonstrated in tissues (skin, spleen, cranial and caudal kidney) of rainbow trout following exposure to cypermethrine. The cypermethrine-based Alimethrinee 10 EM pesticide preparation was classified among substances strongly toxic for fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Cypermethrin caused an increase in plasma ammonia level supposedly due to an increase in amino acids catabolism and a failure of ammonia excretion mechanisms (Svoboda, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Velíšek¹,

Własow²,

Gomułka³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

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“…Both LDVtotal and total species richness are sensitive ecological indicators and can be used to monitor the effect of atmospheric pollution (Pinho et al. 2004, 2008a; Giordani 2007; Svoboda 2007). However, these global lichen variables are only efficient when the pollution is detrimental for all species, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands

Pinho

Dias

Cruz

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the main drivers for ecosystem changes world-wide, including biodiversity loss. Modelling its deposition to evaluate its impact on ecosystems has been the focus of many studies. For that, universal indicators are needed to determine and compare the early effects of NH 3 across ecosystems. 2. We evaluate the effects of atmospheric NH 3 in ecosystems using lichens, which are one of the most sensitive communities at the ecosystem level. Rather than measuring total diversity, we use a functional diversity approach because this is potentially a more universal tool. 3. We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric NH 3 concentrations ([NH 3 ] atm ) emitted from a point-source over a 1-year period in a cork oak Mediterranean woodland. We observed a temporal pattern of [NH 3 ] atm , with maximum concentrations during autumn. 4. The distribution of lichen species was c. 90% explained by [NH 3 ] atm . The tolerance of lichen species to atmospheric NH 3 , based on expert knowledge from literature, was tested for the first time against direct measurements of atmospheric NH 3 . Most species were well classified, with the exception of Lecanora albella and Chrysothrix candelaris, which were more tolerant than expected. Our updated lichen classification can be used to establish lichen functional groups that respond to atmospheric NH 3 , and these can be used in other Mediterranean countries. 5. Increasing [NH 3 ] atm led to a complete replacement of oligotrophic by nitrophytic species within 65 m of the NH 3 source. The geostatistical analysis of functional diversity variables yielded a spatial model with low non-spatial variance, indicating that these variables can cope robustly with high spatial variation in NH 3 . 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results support the use of functional diversity variables, such as a lichen diversity value, as accurate and robust indicators of the effects of atmospheric NH 3 on ecosystems. The spatial modelling of these indicators can provide information with high spatial resolution about the effects of atmospheric NH 3 around point-and diffuse sources. As this methodology is based on functional groups, it can be applied to monitor both the impact of atmospheric NH 3 and the success of mitigation strategies.

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“…Their biological activities and chemical compositions have long been investigated for anti-microbial (Candan et al 2007), anti-viral (Fazio et al 2007), anti-tumor (Rezanka and Dembitsky 2006), anti-proliferative (Ren et al 2009), anti-inflammatory (Silva et al 2010;Süleyman et al 2003), anti-mutagenic (Geyikoglu et al 2007;Turkez and Dirican 2012) and anti-oxidant (Kohlhardt-Floehr et al 2010;Aydin and Turkez 2011a, b;Turkez et al 2012a) properties till today. On the other hand, lichens were used as raw materials in paint and cosmetic industry, as environmental indicators, as food and as medicine for various purposes (Cocchietto et al 2002;Dilsizoglu et al 2004;Yazıcı and Aslan 2006;Svoboda 2007). The anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of the lichen species Peltigera rufescens was reported for its reducing effect on the neutrophil-derived free radicals and its ameliorating effect on the anti-oxidant defense systems (Tanas et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthoria elegans (Link) (lichen) extract counteracts DNA damage and oxidative stress of mitomycin C in human lymphocytes

2012

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Several lichen species have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and they are reported to be effective in the treatment of different disorders including ulcer and cancer. It is revealed that lichens may be easily accessible sources of natural drugs and possible food supplements after their safety evaluations. The main objective in this study was to evaluate the roles of aqueous extracts of Xanthoria elegans (at 25, 50 and 100 lg/ml) upon mitomycin C (MMC; at 10 -7 M) induced genotoxic and oxidative damages in cultured human lymphocytes. X. elegans were collected from the Erzurum and Artvin provinces (in Turkey) during August 2010. After the application of MMC and X. elegans extract (XEE), separate and together, human whole blood cultures were assessed by four genotoxicity end-points including chromosomal aberration, micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assays. In addition, biochemical parameters [total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)] were examined to determine oxidative effects. According to our results, the frequencies of cytogenetic endpoints and 8-OH-dG levels were significantly increased by MMC compared with controls in human peripheral lymphocytes. MMC caused oxidative stress by altering TAC and TOS levels. On the contrary, XEE led to increases of TAC level without changing TOS level. XEE had no genotoxic effect. Furthermore, our findings revealed that MMC induced increases in the mean frequencies of four genotoxic indices were diminished by XEE in dose dependent manner, indicating its protective role towards cells from MMC exerted injury. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study indicate for the first time that XEE is a potential source of natural antigenotoxicants.

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Evaluation of the European method for mapping lichen diversity (LDV) as an indicator of environmental stress in the Czech Republic

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands

Xanthoria elegans (Link) (lichen) extract counteracts DNA damage and oxidative stress of mitomycin C in human lymphocytes

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