Evaluation of the genetic activity of industrially produced carbon black

Kirwin, C; LeBlanc, J V; Thomas, William G.; Haworth, Steve; Kirby, Paul E.; Thilagar, A.; Bowman, James T.; Brusick, David

doi:10.1080/15287398109530039

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both tests yielded negative results (Degussa 1998a(Degussa , 1998b. Carbon black (furnace black) from a single production batch was tested as a suspension in a number of genotoxicity tests (Kirwin et al 1981). In both the Salmonella microsome test and in a test with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (concentrations of 10000-40000 µg/ml) the results were negative with and without a metabolic system.…”

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Salmonella microsome test has yielded not only negative results of studies with carbon black particles (suspended in DMSO) and carbon black pastes but also evidence of mutagenic effects of carbon black extracts even without metabolic activation (Agurell and Löfroth 1993, IARC 1996, Kirwin et al 1981, Rosenkranz et al 1980, Venier et al 1987. The mutagenic effects of carbon black extracts are ascribed to the presence of PAH such as dinitropyrene (Agurell and Löfroth 1993).…”

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tests for somatic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and aneuploidy, and the dominant lethal test and test for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations all yielded negative results (Kirwin et al 1981).…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A suspension of carbon black particles (furnace Black N339, 2000-16000 µg/ml) in acetone tested in a cell transformation test with mouse embryo fibroblasts (C3H/10T 1 / 2 cells) in the presence of a metabolic system yielded negative results (Kirwin et al 1981). Another cell transformation test was carried out with differentiated and undifferentiated cells from foetal hamster lung (M3E3/C3 cells).…”

Section: Cell Transformation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Carbon black in the form of inhalable dust [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Published in the series Occupational Toxicants , Vol. 18 (2002) The article contains sections titled: Chemical and Physical Properties, Production, Uses Introduction Physicochemical characterization Production Uses Exposure Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Toxicokinetics Effects in Man Repeated exposures Carcinogenicity Animal Experiments and in vitro Studies Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value/classification)

show abstract

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Transformation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carbon black in the form of inhalable dust [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding other carbon blacks of hydrocarbon origin (manufactured from petrochemical sources), the JECFA (1987) evaluation referred to one study with furnace carbon black (Kirwin et al, 1981). Industrially produced furnace N-339 carbon black (rubber grade) containing 294 mg PAHs/kg of molecular weight below 330 g/mol was used.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of vegetable carbon (E 153) as a food additive

2012

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The EFSA ANS Panel provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of vegetable carbon (E 153). Vegetable carbon has been evaluated previously by the SCF (1977, 1983) and by JECFA (1970, 1977, 1987). Neither Committee established an ADI for vegetable carbon, but the SCF concluded that vegetable carbon could be used in food. The Panel was not provided with a newly submitted dossier and based its evaluation on previous evaluations and additional literature. The Panel considered the available toxicological data too limited to establish an ADI for vegetable carbon. The Panel noted that data on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of carbon blacks of hydrocarbon origin has been related to the PAHs content of these substances. However, the Panel noted that the margins of exposure for benzo [a]pyrene exposure from vegetable carbon were considerably higher than those estimated from the dietary benzo[a]pyrene exposure.The Panel concluded that at the reported use levels vegetable carbon (E 153) containing less than 1.0 µg/kg of residual carcinogenic PAHs expressed as benzo[a]pyrene is not of safety concern. This was also based on the long history of safe use as a medicinal substance and the knowledge that vegetable carbon is an inert substance which is essentially not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. The Panel considered that it may be appropriate to introduce in the specifications for vegetable carbon a requirement for residual carcinogenic PAHs expressed as benzo[a]pyrene using a validated analytical method of appropriate sensitivity (e.g. LOD of 0.1 µg/kg). The estimated dietary exposure of European children to vegetable carbon ranged from 3 to 29.7 mg/kg bw/day at the mean, and from 15.3 to 79.1 mg/kg bw/day at the 95 th /97.5 th percentile. The dietary exposure of UK adults was 3.8 mg/kg bw/day at the mean, and 28.1 mg/kg bw/day for high level (97.5 th percentile) consumers.© European Food Safety Authority, 2012. KEY WORDSVegetable carbon, E 153, carbon, CAS Registry Number 7440-44-0, carbon black, CAS Registry Number 1333-86-4, EINECS number 215-609-9, EINECS number 231-153-3.

show abstract

Carbon Black

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon in the form of near‐spherical colloidal particles and coalesced particle aggregates of colloidal size, obtained by partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. Due to its structure of aciniform (grape‐like) aggregates, carbon black is a member of the class of substances known as industrial aciniform aggregates (IAA), which also include precipitated amorphous silica, pyrogenic silica, titania, and pyrogenic alumina. It is distinguishable from other commercial carbons, such as charcoal, by its fine particulate nature and the shape, structure, and degree of fusion of the particles observed with the electron microscope. The fundamental unit of a carbon black particle is the aggregate.

show abstract

Evaluation of the genetic activity of industrially produced carbon black

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Carbon black in the form of inhalable dust [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

Carbon black in the form of inhalable dust [MAK Value Documentation, 2002]

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of vegetable carbon (E 153) as a food additive

Carbon Black

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About