Evaluation of the GeneXpert for Human Monkeypox Diagnosis

Li, Daniel; Wilkins, Kimberly; McCollum, Andrea M.; Osadebe, Lynda; Kabamba, Joelle; Nguete, Beatrice; Likafi, Toutou; Balilo, Marcel Pie; Lushima, Robert Shongo; Malekani, Jean; Damon, Inger K.; Vickery, Michael C. L.; Pukuta, Elisabeth; N’Kawa, Frida; Karhemere, Stomy; Tamfum, Jean‐Jacques Muyembe; Okitolonda, Emile; Yu, Li; Reynolds, Mary G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0567

Cited by 91 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… Advancement in diagnostic capacity and health education . Development of molecular techniques ( 47 , 111 , 112 ) and point-of-care systems ( 113 ) in recent years made the diagnosis of monkeypox more accurate and rapid than before. Also, more attention is paid to health education of medical workers and the general public ( 114 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

Sklenovská

Ranst

2018

Front. Public Health

515

579

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Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease recognized as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans in the smallpox post-eradication era. The clinical presentation of monkeypox is similar to the one of smallpox. The case fatality rate of monkeypox (10%) lies between the case fatality rate of variola major (30%) and variola minor (1%). The disease is endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but other countries of Central and West Africa either reported cases of monkeypox in humans or circulation in wildlife. The disease was also imported once into the USA. The disease has always been considered rare and self-limiting, however recent sporadic reports suggest otherwise. Unfortunately, the collected data is limited, dispersed and often incomplete. Therefore, the objective of this review is to trace all reported human monkeypox outbreaks and relevant epidemiological information. The frequency and geographical spread of human monkeypox cases have increased in recent years, and there are huge gaps in our understanding of the disease's emergence, epidemiology, and ecology. The monkeypox virus is considered a high threat pathogen causing a disease of public health importance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on building surveillance capacities which will provide valuable information for designing appropriate prevention, preparedness and response activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014 , a MPX outbreak was reported in Sierra Leone (Bo City) after more than 40 years. Only one case was lab confirmed ( 40 , 47 ) and the total number of infected people is not known.…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Monkeypox In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

Sklenovská

Ranst

2018

Front. Public Health

515

579

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“…In addition, any handling of suspicious infectious samples should only be conducted in a biosafety level three (BSL‐3) containment laboratory. The accuracy and validity of GeneXpert were recently evaluated, suggesting its viability as a diagnostic platform that may expand and expedite current MPXV detection capabilities in endemic areas …”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the monkeypox virus and a recent outbreak of skin rash disease in Nigeria

Kabuga

Zowalaty

2018

Journal of Medical Virology

134

122

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Since the eradication of smallpox approximately 39 years ago, monkeypox virus remains the most pathogenic poxvirus, being mainly restricted to Central and West Africa. Before 1970, there were no reports of human monkeypox in Nigeria, while between 1971 and 1978 there were three cases, with none having been reported thereafter. However, in September 2017, a case of contagious skin rash disease, typical of monkeypox, was observed in an 11‐year‐old boy from the southern part of the country and confirmed to be associated with the monkeypox virus. This large outbreak consisted of 262 suspected, 115 confirmed cases, and 7 mortalities across 26 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an updated, comprehensive, and timely review of monkeypox, an important emerging infection in Nigeria. Monkeypox is now a major threat to global health security, requiring an urgent multidisciplinary approach involving veterinarians, physicians, virologists, and public health experts to fast‐track the development of diagnostic assays, vaccines, antivirals, and other control strategies.

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“…The GeneXpert platform (Cepheid Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is currently being used for diagnosis of monkeypox within surveillance specimens from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The multiplex assay includes a MPXV-specific assay, orthopoxvirus-generic assay, and an internal control within the same cartridge [ 87 ]. The methodology decreases manipulations of the samples, thereby also limiting opportunities for contamination.…”

Section: Methods For Species-specific Diagnosis Of Orthopoxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Prepared in Case of a Possible Smallpox-Like Disease Emergence?

Olson

Щелкунов

2017

Viruses

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Smallpox was the first human disease to be eradicated, through a concerted vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization. Since its eradication, routine vaccination against smallpox has ceased, leaving the world population susceptible to disease caused by orthopoxviruses. In recent decades, reports of human disease from zoonotic orthopoxviruses have increased. Furthermore, multiple reports of newly identified poxviruses capable of causing human disease have occurred. These facts raise concerns regarding both the opportunity for these zoonotic orthopoxviruses to evolve and become a more severe public health issue, as well as the risk of Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) to be utilized as a bioterrorist weapon. The eradication of smallpox occurred prior to the development of the majority of modern virological and molecular biological techniques. Therefore, there is a considerable amount that is not understood regarding how this solely human pathogen interacts with its host. This paper briefly recounts the history and current status of diagnostic tools, vaccines, and anti-viral therapeutics for treatment of smallpox disease. The authors discuss the importance of further research to prepare the global community should a smallpox-like virus emerge.

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Evaluation of the GeneXpert for Human Monkeypox Diagnosis

Cited by 91 publications

References 22 publications

Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

A review of the monkeypox virus and a recent outbreak of skin rash disease in Nigeria

Are We Prepared in Case of a Possible Smallpox-Like Disease Emergence?

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