“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants that have been identified as potential carcinogens and studies have shown that exposure to PAHs can lead to an increased risk of cancer [1–3]. These compounds often exist in complex mixtures of condensed multi-ring benzenoid compounds that originate from natural and anthropogenic sources.…”
Retention indices for 124 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 62 methyl-substituted (Me-) PAHs were determined using normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) on a aminopropyl (NH2) stationary phase. PAH retention behavior on the NH2 phase is correlated to the total number of aromatic carbons in the PAH structure. Within an isomer group, non-planar isomers generally elute earlier than planar isomers. MePAHs generally elute slightly later but in the same region as the parent PAHs. Correlations between PAH retention behavior on the NH2 phase and PAH thickness (T) values were investigated to determine the influence of non-planarity for isomeric PAHs with four to seven aromatic rings. Correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.19 (five-ring peri-condensed molecular mass (MM) 252 Da) to r = −0.99 (five-ring cata-condensed MM 278 Da). In the case of the smaller PAHs (MM ≤ 252 Da), most of the PAHs had a planar structure and provided a low correlation. In the case of larger PAHs (MM ≥ 278 Da), nonplanarity had a significant influence on the retention behavior and good correlation between retention and T was obtained for the MM 278 Da, MM 302 Da, MM 328 Da, and MM 378 Da isomer sets.
“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants that have been identified as potential carcinogens and studies have shown that exposure to PAHs can lead to an increased risk of cancer [1–3]. These compounds often exist in complex mixtures of condensed multi-ring benzenoid compounds that originate from natural and anthropogenic sources.…”
Retention indices for 124 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 62 methyl-substituted (Me-) PAHs were determined using normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) on a aminopropyl (NH2) stationary phase. PAH retention behavior on the NH2 phase is correlated to the total number of aromatic carbons in the PAH structure. Within an isomer group, non-planar isomers generally elute earlier than planar isomers. MePAHs generally elute slightly later but in the same region as the parent PAHs. Correlations between PAH retention behavior on the NH2 phase and PAH thickness (T) values were investigated to determine the influence of non-planarity for isomeric PAHs with four to seven aromatic rings. Correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.19 (five-ring peri-condensed molecular mass (MM) 252 Da) to r = −0.99 (five-ring cata-condensed MM 278 Da). In the case of the smaller PAHs (MM ≤ 252 Da), most of the PAHs had a planar structure and provided a low correlation. In the case of larger PAHs (MM ≥ 278 Da), nonplanarity had a significant influence on the retention behavior and good correlation between retention and T was obtained for the MM 278 Da, MM 302 Da, MM 328 Da, and MM 378 Da isomer sets.
“…Studies have also been performed on terrestrial gastropods, such as garden snails Helix aspersa and Helix vermiculata [183][184][185][186][187][188] as sentinels for detecting primary DNA damage in polluted environments [188]. Afterwards, several environmental pollutants [183,184,186] as well as UV irradiation [185] and exposure to Nicotiana tabacum leaves [187] were evaluated on these species indicating that the comet assay is an appropriate assay and Helix spp. populations are suitable sentinels to monitor the genotoxic impact of different pollutants.…”
The comet assay, also called single cell gel electrophoresis, is a sensitive, rapid and low-cost technique for quantifying and analysing DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The assay itself can be applied on virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Although it is mainly used on human cells, the assay has applications also in the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to give an extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models from invertebrates to vertebrates, covering both terrestrial and water biota. The comet assay is used in a variety of invertebrate species since they are regarded as interesting subjects in ecotoxicological research due to their significance in ecosystems. Hence, the first part of the review (Part 1) will discuss the application of the comet assay in invertebrates covering protozoans, platyhelminthes, planarians, cnidarians, molluscs, annelids, arthropods and echinoderms. Besides a large number of animal species, the assay is also performed on a variety of cells, which includes haemolymph, gills, digestive gland, sperm and embryo cells. The mentioned cells have been used for the evaluation of a broad spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of invertebrate models and their role from an ecotoxicological point of view will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in invertebrate and human models. Since the comet assay is still developing, its increasing potential in assessing DNA damage in animal models is crucial especially in the field of ecotoxicology and biomonitoring at the level of different species, not only humans.
“…Coal is a fossil fuel that causes impacts through environmental pollution from its extraction to its combustion. A wide range of coal dust and coal byproducts contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere 8 , water and soil 9,10 . Inorganic elements (metals) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are found in coal, can induce DNA damage by introducing a cellular oxidative imbalance by the generation of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) 11–13 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The presence of PAH was found in its coal, bottom and fly ash samples 29 , metals were detected in soil samples 30 and Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, V and Pb were detected in the tissues of the subterranean rodent C. torquatus 23 . In addition, studies with organisms have shown DNA damage in plants ( Baccharis trimera ) 9,31 , snail ( Helix aspersa ) 10 and coal workers’ blood 30,32,33 . To our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the effects of coal and its byproducts on telomere length or DNA global methylation in tuco-tuco.Figure 1Geographic distribution of C. torquatus , which coincides with the geographic distribution of coal reserves and power plant Candiota (modified from Fernandes et al .…”
The Candiota coal mine in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is one of the largest in Brazil. Coal is a fossil fuel that causes environmental impacts from its extraction to combustion due to the release of different agents, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals. C
tenomys torquatus
are herbivorous and subterranean rodents that dig tunnels with their paws and teeth and can be exposed to coal through contaminated food. Exposure to pollutants can cause DNA damage and affect different tissues, inducing alterations in the population structure and genetic diversity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to coal and its derivatives on the
C. torquatus
population and to examine the relationship of coal exposure with variations in absolute telomere length (aTL), global DNA methylation and genotoxicity. Our study showed an inverse correlation between telomere length and coal exposure in addition to an increase in DNA damage. The results indicate that coal and its byproducts can contribute to the alteration of the
C. torquatus
population structure, as evidenced by a reduction in the number of adults.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
