Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of acrylamide: Arguments for the derivation of a tolerable daily intake (TDI value)

Guth, Sabine; Baum, Matthias; Cartus, Alexander; Diel, Patrick; Engel, Karl‐Heinz; Engeli, Barbara; Epe, Bernd; Grune, Tilman; Haller, Dirk; Heinz, Volker; Hellwig, Michael; Hengstler, Jan G.; Henle, Thomas; Humpf, Hans‐Ulrich; Jäger, Henry; Joost, Hans-Georg; Kulling, Sabine E.; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Lampen, Alfonso; Leist, Marcel; Mally, Angela; Marko, Doris; Nöthlings, Ute; Röhrdanz, Elke; Roth, Angelika; Spranger, Joachim; Stadler, Richard H.; Steinberg, Pablo; Vieths, Stefan; Wätjen, Wim; Eisenbrand, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113632

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…An exception are carcinogens with a direct genotoxic mode of action where the dose at which no carcinogenicity occurs may be very low and difficult to identify (Bolt et al 2004 ; Hengstler et al 2003 ; Nohmi 2018 ). It should be noted, however, that nowadays there is increasing discussion that agents acting via genotoxic and mutagenic mechanisms may also exhibit non-linear dose–response relationships that allow a threshold to be established (Guth et al 2023 ; Hartwig et al 2020 ). Nevertheless, there is general agreement that for all other adverse effects—at least theoretically—an identifiable exposure threshold exists below which no adverse effects occur.…”

Section: Thresholds Of Toxic Effects and Concepts Of Risk Evaluation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation

Bloch,

Diel,

Epe

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

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Exposure to multiple substances is a challenge for risk evaluation. Currently, there is an ongoing debate if generic “mixture assessment/allocation factors” (MAF) should be introduced to increase public health protection. Here, we explore concepts of mixture toxicity and the potential influence of mixture regulation concepts for human health protection. Based on this analysis, we provide recommendations for research and risk assessment. One of the concepts of mixture toxicity is additivity. Substances may act additively by affecting the same molecular mechanism within a common target cell, for example, dioxin-like substances. In a second concept, an “enhancer substance” may act by increasing the target site concentration and aggravating the adverse effect of a “driver substance”. For both concepts, adequate risk management of individual substances can reliably prevent adverse effects to humans. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that the large number of substances to which humans are exposed at very low and individually safe doses may interact to cause adverse effects. This commentary identifies knowledge gaps, such as the lack of a comprehensive overview of substances regulated under different silos, including food, environmentally and occupationally relevant substances, the absence of reliable human exposure data and the missing accessibility of ratios of current human exposure to threshold values, which are considered safe for individual substances. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and most susceptible target cells is required. We conclude that, currently, there is no scientific evidence supporting the need for a generic MAF. Rather, we recommend taking more specific measures, which focus on compounds with relatively small ratios between human exposure and doses, at which adverse effects can be expected.

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Section: Thresholds Of Toxic Effects and Concepts Of Risk Evaluation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation

Bloch,

Diel,

Epe

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

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“…Category 2B, indicating that they are possibly carcinogenic to humans, supported by limited evidence, and Category 3, indicating insufficient evidence for their carcinogenicity. Additionally, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) establishes tolerable daily intake values based on available toxicological information [26][27][28][29][30]. In cases where toxicological data are lacking for certain secondary peroxidation products, safety measures such as Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) can be applied [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Solutions for Food Analysis: Microextraction Techniques in Lipid Peroxidation Product Detection

Custodio-Mendoza,

Ares-Fuentes,

Carro

2023

Separations

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Lipid peroxidation, the most aggressive reaction in food, results in the formation of reactive organic compounds that detrimentally impact food sensory qualities and consumers’ health. While controlled lipid peroxidation can enhance flavors and appearance in certain foods, secondary peroxidation products lead to sensory deterioration in a variety of products, such as oils, alcoholic beverages, and meat. This publication reviews the use of modern analytical techniques for detecting and quantifying carbonyl compounds, i.e., secondary lipid peroxidation products. The paper focuses specifically on microextraction-based methods: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME). These techniques offer efficient and sensitive approaches to extracting and quantifying lipid oxidation products and contribute to the understanding of oxidative deterioration in various food products. The review outlines recent advancements, challenges, and limitations in these microextraction techniques, as well as emphasizes the potential for further innovation and improvement in the field of food analysis.

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“…While acrylamide and its main metabolite, glycidamide, have been identified as probable carcinogens, their genotoxic effects on humans are now under discussion, but a tolerable daily intake has been proposed as a health-based guidance value [9]. The FDA published guidelines in 2016 aimed at assisting the food industry in reducing acrylamide levels [10], and the European Commission established benchmark levels and mitigation measures for several highly consumed food products in 2017, but black olives were excluded [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and Rapid Analytical Method Using HPLC-MS Detection for Acrylamide Determination in Black Ripe Olives

Brenes-Álvarez,

Ramírez,

Brenes

et al. 2023

Foods

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The presence of acrylamide, a known human carcinogen, in various heated foods raises significant concerns among consumers. Therefore, the development of a good analytical method is of paramount interest to the scientific community. Keeping this in view, a rapid, simple, reliable, and low-cost analytical method was developed and validated for acrylamide quantification in black ripe olives. The method consisted of the water extraction of the compounds from crushed olives with the addition of (13C3)acrylamide as an internal standard. The quantification was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass detection with positive electrospray ionization. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 4 and 11 µg/kg, respectively. The developed method exhibited excellent results in terms of accuracy (98.4–104.8%) and intra- and inter-day precision limits, both less than 20%. This new method was carried out by analyzing 15 samples of Spanish commercial black ripe olives, revealing a wide range of values, from 79 to 1068 µg/kg of fruit. The new protocol reduces the analysis time to just one hour per sample versus the minimum 24 h required by gas chromatography and mass detection, meaning that it could be a good option for the routine analysis of acrylamide in black ripe olives, and may be extendable to the analysis of this compound in other foods.

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Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of acrylamide: Arguments for the derivation of a tolerable daily intake (TDI value)

Cited by 14 publications

References 91 publications

Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation

Basic concepts of mixture toxicity and relevance for risk evaluation and regulation

Innovative Solutions for Food Analysis: Microextraction Techniques in Lipid Peroxidation Product Detection

New and Rapid Analytical Method Using HPLC-MS Detection for Acrylamide Determination in Black Ripe Olives

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