Evaluation of the health impact of an urban regeneration policy: Neighbourhood Renewal in Northern Ireland

Mohan, Gretta; Longo, Alberto; Kee, Frank

doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209087

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…new health and fitness center, access to school facilities) 5) Regulatory interventions (e.g. smoke-free recreation areas) Smoking and mortality rates Reduced inequalities (area level), but reverted after interventions’ withdrawal Phillips et al, 2014 [ 24 ] Cluster randomized, UK (n of 20 deprived neighborhoods: 2061 adults; 20 control neighborhoods: 2046) 1 2) Individual or group education (e.g. physical activity sessions, healthy cooking classes) 3) Networking/partnership (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The twenty-three studies included in this review were conducted in high or upper-middle income countries (using the World Bank classification). Of these, 14 were set in Europe [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], five in North America [30][31][32][33][34], three in Australia/Oceania [35][36][37], and one study took place in a country in Central America [38] (see Table 2). The studies used various designs, including RCTs (n = 1) [38], cluster randomized trials (n = 3) [25,30,34], quasiexperimental designs (n = 11) [16, 18, 22, 23, 27-29, 33, 35-37], pre-post-tests without control group (n = 3) [17,19,31], and secondary analyses (n = 5) [20,21,23,26,32].…”

Section: Description Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do multiple community-based interventions on health promotion tackle health inequalities?

Nickel

Knesebeck

2020

Int J Equity Health

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Background Previous systematic reviews of the impact of multi-component community-based health promotion interventions on reducing health inequalities by socio-economic status (SES) were restricted to physical activity and smoking behavior, and revealed limited and rather disillusioning evidence. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review worldwide to close this gap, including a wide range of health outcomes. Methods The Pubmed and PsycINFO databases were screened for relevant articles published between January 1999 and August 2019, revealing 87 potentially eligible publications out of 2876 hits. In addition, three studies out of a prior review on the effectiveness of community-based interventions were reanalyzed under the new research question. After a systematic review process, 23 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Results More than half (56.5%) of the studies reported improvements of socially disadvantaged communities overall (i.e. reduced inequalities at the area level) in at least one health behavior and/or health status outcome. Amongst the remaining studies we found some beneficial effects in the most deprived sub-groups of residents (8.2%) and studies with no differences between intervention and control areas (34.8%). There was no evidence that any program under review resulted in an increase in health disparity. Conclusions Our results confirm that community-based interventions may be reducing absolute health inequalities of deprived and disadvantaged populations, but their potential so far is not fully realized. For the future, greater attention should be paid to inequalities between sub-groups within communities when analyzing changes in health inequality over time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do multiple community-based interventions on health promotion tackle health inequalities?

Nickel

Knesebeck

2020

Int J Equity Health

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“… Stafford M, Badland H , et al 2014 [ 40 ] +++ Determine whether the New Deal for Communities (NDC) intervention contributed towards reducing health inequalities and their social determinants Men 25–65 yearsWomen 25–60 years ( N = 109,207) Cross-sectional England Area-based intervention - New Deal for Communities (NDC) Mental health and mental distress (MHI-5 and GHQ-12) Focus: SES inequalities No discernable impact on poor mental health between NDC areas and non-NDC areas. Walthery P, Stafford M , et al 2015 [ 41 ] ++ Determine whether the NDC program had an overall effect on mental health over time and whether these changes differ between socio-economic groups. 16 years and older ( N = 11,648) Longitudinal (Cohort) England Area-based intervention - NDC Mental health (MHI-5) Focus: SES inequalities No overall effect of NDC but some evidence that mental health improved for women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three articles focused on the policy domain of area-based initiatives, or interventions in a specific geographical location [ 39 – 41 ]. Two studies focused on the New Deal for Communities initiative in England [ 40 , 41 ] with both focusing on SES inequality. Mohan, et al [ 39 ] studied a different area-based initiative and focused on gender and SES inequality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do macro-level structural determinants affect inequalities in mental health? – a systematic review of the literature

McAllister

Fritzell

Almroth

et al. 2018

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundIn Europe and elsewhere there is rising concern about inequality in health and increased prevalence of mental ill-health. Structural determinants such as welfare state arrangements may impact on levels of mental health and social inequalities. This systematic review aims to assess the current evidence on whether structural determinants are associated with inequalities in mental health outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies published between 1996 and 2017 based on search results from the following databases Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts and Eric. Studies were included if they focused on inequalities (measured by socio-economic position and gender), structural determinants (i.e. public policies affecting the whole population) and showed a change or comparison in mental health status in one (or more) of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. All studies were assessed for inclusion and study quality by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted and synthesised using narrative analysis.ResultsTwenty-one articles (17 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogeneous with regards to methodology, mental health outcomes and policy settings. More comprehensive and gender inclusive welfare states (e.g. Nordic welfare states) had better mental health outcomes, especially for women, and less gender-related inequality. Nordic welfare regimes may also decrease inequalities between lone and couple mothers. A strong welfare state does not buffer against socio-economic inequalities in mental health outcomes. Austerity measures tended to worsen mental health and increase inequalities. Area-based initiatives and educational policy are understudied.ConclusionAlthough the literature on structural determinants and inequalities in mental health is limited, our review shows some evidence supporting the causal effects of structural determinants on mental health inequalities. The lack of evidence should not be interpreted as lack of effect. Future studies should apply innovative methods to overcome the inherent methodological challenges in this area, as structural determinants potentially affect both levels of mental health and social inequalities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12939-018-0879-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Such co-benefits may play an important role in reducing the disease burden associated with aspects of urban living such as air pollution, noise, and lack of natural spaces where people can engage in health-promoting physical activities, sedentary behavior, obesity, poor mental health, and other non-communicable chronic diseases [27,28,29,30]. The regeneration of under-used, inadequately designed, or decayed urban spaces (including natural outdoor environments located in urban areas) is now a relatively common phenomenon globally, but not many studies have estimated the impacts of existing interventions in terms of health and well-being [31,32,33,34,35,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Physical Activity Related to an Urban Riverside Regeneration

Vert

Nieuwenhuijsen

Gascón

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The promotion of physical activity through better urban design is one pathway by which health and well-being improvements can be achieved. This study aimed to quantify health and health-related economic impacts associated with physical activity in an urban riverside park regeneration project in Barcelona, Spain. We used data from Barcelona local authorities and meta-analysis assessing physical activity and health outcomes to develop and apply the “Blue Active Tool”. We estimated park user health impacts in terms of all-cause mortality, morbidity (ischemic heart disease; ischemic stroke; type 2 diabetes; cancers of the colon and breast; and dementia), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and health-related economic impacts. We estimated that 5753 adult users visited the riverside park daily and performed different types of physical activity (walking for leisure or to/from work, cycling, and running). Related to the physical activity conducted on the riverside park, we estimated an annual reduction of 7.3 deaths (95% CI: 5.4; 10.2), and 6.2 cases of diseases (95% CI: 2.0; 11.6). This corresponds to 11.9 DALYs (95% CI: 3.4; 20.5) and an annual health-economic impact of 23.4 million euros (95% CI: 17.2 million; 32.8 million). The urban regeneration intervention of this riverside park provides health and health-related economic benefits to the population using the infrastructure.

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Evaluation of the health impact of an urban regeneration policy: Neighbourhood Renewal in Northern Ireland

Abstract: Area-based initiatives may not achieve health gains beyond mainstream service provision, though they may safeguard against widening of health disparities.

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Do multiple community-based interventions on health promotion tackle health inequalities?

Do multiple community-based interventions on health promotion tackle health inequalities?

How do macro-level structural determinants affect inequalities in mental health? – a systematic review of the literature

Health Benefits of Physical Activity Related to an Urban Riverside Regeneration

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