Evaluation of theIn VivoandIn VitroEffects of Fructose on Respiratory Chain Complexes in Tissues of Young Rats

Abstract

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by fructose and fructose-1-phosphate accumulation in tissues and biological fluids of patients. This disease results from a deficiency of aldolase B, which metabolizes fructose in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. We here investigated the effect of acute fructose administration on the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cerebral cortex, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle of male 30-day-old Wistar rats. The rats received subcutaneous injection of sodium chloride (0.9%; control group) or fructose solution (5 μmol/g; treated group). One hour later, the animals were euthanized and the cerebral cortex, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle were isolated and homogenized for the investigations. Acute fructose administration increased complex I-III activity in liver. On the other hand, decreased complexes II and II-III activities in skeletal muscle and MDH in kidney were found. Interestingly, none of these parameters were affected in vitro. Our present data indicate that fructose administration elicits impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the HFI patients.

The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Hair Loss in Young Women

“…Similar to our previous findings from males, the current results suggest that consumption of SSBs also has a negative impact on hair health in women, and demonstrate that intaking more than 7 times or 1000 mL per week significantly increased the risk of hair loss. This relationship could be explained by the high blood sugar levels, caused by excessive consumption of SSBs, which may trigger a lack of energy in the outer root sheath keratinocytes of women, considered a possible cause of excessive hair shedding [9][10][11]26].…”

“…Dietary habits are important influential factors in hair loss. Compelling evidence from laboratory and animal research suggested that excessive added sugar intake can provide a higher glucose concentration in serum, which triggers the polyol pathway by creating a high affinity for aldose reductase to cause a lack of energy in outer root sheath keratinocytes [9][10][11]. Our previous study found that excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs, a major dietary source of added sugars) is associated with a significant high risk of male pattern hair loss (MPHL) [12].…”

The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Male Pattern Hair Loss in Young Men

“…With a continuous glucose supply, the polyol pathway is reinforced by a positive feedback loop [ 56 ]. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that glucose utilization in the polyol pathway reduces the amount of glucose available to the outer root sheath keratinocytes of hair follicles, and gluconeogenesis is also antagonized by depletion of ATP and phosphate levels [ 19 , 57 ]. Lack of energy in outer root sheath keratinocytes is considered a possible cause of MPHL.…”