“…Atatürk bemoaned the slow pace of reform in his ten-year speech to parliament (Atatürk 1933 A counter-hegemonic discourse soon emerged within the conservatories that argued for the sophistication and Turkishness of traditional Turkish classical music (Gedik & Bozkurt 2009). This led to intense debate between the Gökalpists, who claimed that traditional Ottoman music was Hellenic, Byzantine and Arab (and thus un-Turkish), and those who argued that Ottoman music was in fact an authentic aspect of Turkic culture that shared the same origins as Turkish folk music (Karakayali, 2010) and which had in fact predated and even influenced the Greeks, Byzantines and Arabs.…”