Evaluation of the immunological effect of beta alanyl-l-histidine against Schistosoma mansoni antigens in rabbits

Abstract

Introduction: The influence of vaccination on healthy (non-infected) rabbits treated with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens, cercariae, and worms as prophylactic agents against infection, and the benefit of beta alanyl-l-histidine treatment against Schistosoma mansoni infection were investigated. Methodology: This study involved individual injection of three Schistosoma mansoni antigens: soluble egg antigen (SEA), cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), in three rabbit groups, respectively. Three other groups each received the same specific antigen in conjunction with the administration of (beta alanyl-l-histidine) L-carnosine. Hepatic total protein, glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase, total serum protein and one diminution electrophoresis of protein fractions (180 KDa; 116 KDa; 97, 4 KDa, serum albumin 66 KDa; 48. 5 KDa; 29 KDa; 18.400 KDa; 14.200 KDa; 6.5 KDa) were measured in all the rabbit groups. Results: Elevation in most parameters was observed in the immunized groups. Carnosine treatment of rabbit groups immunized with SEA, CAP and SWAP in comparison to the non-carnosine-treated immunized groups resulted in amelioration of serum protein fractions in all SEA and SWAP-immunized animals, and reduction in glycogen phosphorylase b in SWAP animals alone. In addition, changes in glycogen content were observed in the CAP-immunized group. Conclusion: L-carnosine has a beneficial effect in the amelioration of most biochemical parameters as a result of S. mansoni antigen immunization.

The effect of gut microbiota-derived carnosine on mucosal integrity and immunity in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima

“…Notably, despite in vitro experiments showing the absence of impact of carnosine on the viability of E. maxima sporozoites, dietary carnosine supplementation directly decreased jejunal lesion scores and oocyst shedding. However, there is a paucity of research on the anti-parasitic activity of carnosine, with only a few reports indicating reduced intrahepatic worm burden and egg count in hamsters with schistosomiasis ( Soliman et al, 2001 ), rabbits with fascioliasis ( Ali, 2012 ; Mohamed et al, 2013 ), and rats with trichinellosis ( Soliman et al, 2007 ) following carnosine administration. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of the observed causal relationship between the growth-promoting effect of carnosine and the reduction of E. maxima oocyst may be related to the reduced intestinal inflammatory response and preservation of the intestinal integrity of chickens fed with dietary carnosine supplementation.…”

Efficacy of L-carnosine against Schistosoma mansoni antigens in liver, heart, kidney and brain of rabbits

“…However, to potentiate the SEA vaccine action against schistosomiasis, combined administration of SEA in conjunction with 28 kDa glutathione-Stransferase antigens in infected animals was suggested (Lebens et al, 2003). Nevertheless, the above-mentioned conservation of hepatic glycogen and phosphorylase by carnosine combating the high antigen doses could be ascribed to its well-documented antioxidant action (Soliman et al, 2006;Ali, 2012). This apparently contradicts its decreasing effect on the tested serum parameters, which could be ascribed to a pro-oxidant effect.…”

Role of Natural Antioxidants in the Modulation of Plasma Amino Acid Pattern in Rats Exposed to Hemic Hypoxia

“…Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide of the amino acids, beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues, It can chelate divalent metal ions, scavenges (ROS) as well as unsaturated aldehydes formed from the peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids during oxidative stress (Ali 2012). It has been reported that carnosine inhibits mRNA expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase-3, increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) level when given to mice (Flock et al 1951).…”