Evaluation of the Immunotoxic Effects of Sub-Chronic Doses of Lambda-Cyhalothrin in Murine Model

Abstract

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is belonging to type II pyrethroid insecticides and utilized predominantly in Egypt to control a wide range of ectoparasites, including flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches. Previous studies detected obvious genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of LCT. The current study was done to evaluate the immunological alterations on the levels of humoral and cellular immune responses after exposure to different doses (5, 1, 0.2mg/kg/day) of LCT in rat model. The current data displayed that LCT at dose 5mg/kg suppressed the total serum immunoglobulin concentration, hemagglutination titer, quantitative hemolysis of SRBCs (QHS), the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils. Moreover, 5mg/kg of LCT decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity response, the proliferative response of the blood mononuclear cells, induced blood mononuclear cells death and reduced the percentage of CD4+ and CD8 + blood mononuclear cells without affecting CD4/CD8 ratio significantly. LCT at dose 1mg/kg inhibited the total serum immunoglobulin, QHS, the proliferative capacity of blood mononuclear cells, the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils. No significant differences were observed in all examined parameters in animals exposed to 0.2mg/kg of LCT.In conclusion, LCT exposure induced-immunotoxicity in a rat model at doses 5 and 1mg/kg, while 0.2mg/kg has no adverse effect on the examined immune parameters.Keywords: Lambda-cyhalothrin Evaluation of the Immunotoxic Effects of Sub-Chronic Doses of Lambda-Cyhalothrin in Murine Model 2/8Copyright: ©2016 Ibrahim dose-dependent immunological alterations resulted by LCT. In the current study, doses of 5, 1 and 0.2 mg/kg of LCT were orally administrated to male rats. The oral LD50 value of LCT was estimated to be 79 mg/kg in male rats [22]. The selected doses of LCT were at least 15 times smaller than those recorded for LD50 in male rats and therefore adequate for the search for an immunological no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). Moreover, recent study reported that 0.6 mg/kg of LCT elicited significant alterations in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated NF-κB/ p65 in a rat model [23]. Hence, 0.2 mg/kg of LCT, which considered three times lower than the dose that used in the previous study, could be especially convenient for the immunological NOAEL. Keeping this in view, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of the selected sub-chronic doses of LCT in a rat model. The current study was extended to examine the suitable dose for the assessment of the NOAEL among the selected doses. Material and methods Chemicals AnimalsMale albino Wistar rats (weighting approximately 210-250 g) were obtained from the Egyptian Organization for Serology and Vaccination, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt. For the preparation of complement which utilized in quantitative hemolysis of sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) assay, female guinea pigs (240g) were used. Al...

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