Evaluation of the impact of marijuana use on semen quality: a prospective analysis

Hehemann, Marah; Raheem, Omer; Rajanahally, Saneal; Holt, Sarah K.; Chen, Tony; Fustok, Judy; Song, Kelly; Rylander, Heather; Chow, Emma; Ostrowski, Kevin; Müller, Charles; Walsh, Thomas J.

doi:10.1177/17562872211032484

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The vast majority of these studies recruited patients with a history of either drug abuse or infertility, thus introducing possible concerns regarding the generalizability of the findings. Hehemann et al [ 24 ] prospectively evaluated the semen analyses from 409 men presenting to medical attention for infertility; 17% of them were current cannabis users presenting with an increased risk of abnormal sperm morphology [odds ratio (OR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.79] and decreased semen volume according to the WHO reference standards (OR 2.76, 95%CI: 1.19–6.42). Similarly, Carroll et al [ 25 ] investigated the impact of cannabis use on the semen quality of a population of Jamaican patients attending the infertility clinic for assisted reproduction purpose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Recreational drug intake may be associated with a range of medical untoward consequences, including male infertility. However, as the related evidence is still limited, the main outcome of this review is to provide a better understanding of the existence of any association between recreational drug misuse and male fertility levels’ decline. Whilst searching the MEDLINE/PubMed, a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding male infertility and substances of abuse (e.g., phytocannabinoids, opiates/opioids, stimulants, ‘herbal highs’, psychedelics, and ‘novel psychoactive substances) was here undertaken. Due to the paucity of robust, high-quality, empirical, human studies, a narrative strategy was here preferred over a systematic approach. Relevant data are qualitatively analyzed and presented in a table. Although most available evidence is in support of a detrimental role of cannabis on human spermatogenesis, a few remaining studies failed to document any effect of this drug on seminal quality, and it is not clear to which extent this drug impacts fertility rates/time to pregnancy. The current understanding of the impact of opiate-, cocaine- and amphetamine/stimulant-misuse on human reproduction is widely unknown, and most studies dealing with this matter represent only an extrapolation of data derived from specific clinical circumstances. Although the message of ‘no smoking, no alcohol and no street drugs’ should always be offered as good health advice to all patients seeking medical help for fertility issues, robust scientific clinical evidence in support of a direct detrimental impact of recreational drugs on spermatogenesis is scant to date.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…Instead, they found that sample production in summer and Cannabis use in the 3 months before semen collection are associated with teratozoospermia in men aged thirty or less ( 58 ). Another survey of 409 infertile men found that the use of marijuana resulted in abnormal sperm parameters, especially semen volume and sperm morphology ( 59 ). Some other chemicals that correlate with abnormal sperm morphology include exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, and sulfasalazine ( 60 , 61 ).…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated teratozoospermia: revisiting its relevance in male infertility: a narrative review

Atmoko,

Savira,

Shah

et al. 2024

Transl Androl Urol

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Background and Objective Basic semen analysis is the first step in the evaluation of male infertility. It includes an assessment of sperm morphology which is believed to reflect on overall spermatogenesis and sperm function. Teratozoospermia, defined as abnormal sperm morphology, is frequently present in association with severe oligoasthenozoospermia, but isolated teratozoospermia (in the presence of normal counts and motility) is a poorly understood clinical entity with conflicting implications in terms of fertility potential and treatment strategies. The following paper aims to: (I) discuss the classification of sperm morphology, causes, and molecular mechanism of teratozoospermia; (II) analyze the clinical significance and potential treatment options of isolated teratozoospermia as a cause of male infertility and a predictor of fertility outcome; and (III) provide a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis based on the existing literature on this topic. Methods A comprehensive search from database inception to 25 April 2023 was conducted in PubMed for relevant papers relating to isolated teratozoospermia in male infertility. Finally, seven systematic reviews/reviews/meta-analyses and 81 original articles were synthesized into the current narrative review. Key Content and Findings Classification of sperm morphology has evolved significantly since the first edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Manual of Human Semen Analysis. Kruger’s strict criteria are the most used classification and have been shown to correlate with fertility outcomes. There are many causes of teratozoospermia including genetic and environmental factors and physical conditions like varicocele. Teratozoospermia correlates with sperm DNA damage, elevated oxidative stress, low antioxidant function, and apoptotic alterations, which can result in impaired spermatozoa function and lower pregnancy rates. However, the clinical correlation between teratozoospermia and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome shows conflicting data with recent meta-analyses suggesting that isolated teratozoospermia was not associated with poor fertility outcomes from ART and that intrauterine insemination (IUI) can be an effective option even in the presence of teratozoospermia. There is very limited data on effective therapeutic options to treat idiopathic isolated teratozoospermia. The opportunity for future research is huge to fill the gap in the medical literature on this topic. Conclusions Contemporary literature on isolated teratozoospermia shows conflicting results in terms of its actual clinical implication in male infertility and the utility of available treatment options. Further research is warranted on this clinical entity to improve sperm function and future paternity.

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“…The Men's Health Center, located at the University of Washington, conducted a study for infertility evaluation that exhibited a twofold increased risk of strict aberrant morphology [ 29 ]. In comparison to the general population, the prevalence of marijuana usage was 43%, with previous use being more prevalent than the current use.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to the general population, the prevalence of marijuana usage was 43%, with previous use being more prevalent than the current use. Previous users had the highest chances of strict morphology deficits, indicating a delayed detrimental effect of marijuana on sperm morphology [ 29 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Marijuana on the Incidence and Evolution of Male Infertility: A Systematic Review

Srinivasan¹,

Hamouda²,

Ambedkar³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Over the past decade, the consumption of marijuana or any other form of cannabis, whether medically, recreationally, or illegally, has been escalating worldwide. The additive effect of marijuana and the easy availability could make this increasing trend possible for imperceptible outcomes affecting one's physiology on multiple levels. The rationale of this review is to study and enumerate several effects marijuana may have on male reproductive organs, especially in men who are dealing with subfertility or infertility issues. A literature search was done from September 1, 2021, to September 14, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), University of California, Santa Barbara Library, and PubMed Central. The studies included in this review comprised systematic reviews, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and longitudinal studies published during 2010-2021 in the English language. After an extensive review of all studies, the quality was assessed using appropriate quality appraisal tools, and 15 eligible reports were identified and included. In-depth research on the final studies concluded that marijuana seems to have specific adverse effects on the sperm parameters, namely, sperm count, concentration, motility, morphology, capacitation, and viability, thus affecting fertility in men. Certain hormone levels, including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, also drew attention, potentially impacting men's fertility; however, a finite inference could not be substantiated by the studies. Although the studies show significant effects in sperm parameters and organic sexual dysfunction, it is also to be noted that these studies are observational only and are conducted in small groups in multicenter geographical locations where other lifestyle patterns could be confounding. Given this restriction, it is suggested that further human trials on a larger scale be conducted to provide an even more concrete conclusion, especially after considering other factors that may affect the generalization of these trials.

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Evaluation of the impact of marijuana use on semen quality: a prospective analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

Recreational Drug Misuse and Its Potential Contribution to Male Fertility Levels’ Decline: A Narrative Review

Isolated teratozoospermia: revisiting its relevance in male infertility: a narrative review

The Effect of Marijuana on the Incidence and Evolution of Male Infertility: A Systematic Review

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