Evaluation of the information processing and mood effects of a transdermal nicotine patch

Warburton, David M.; Mancuso, Giovanna

doi:10.1007/s002130050514

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It requires sustained attention but also has a moderate working memory load. Nicotine has been found to decrease reaction times and improve correct detections on this task (Foulds 1996, Warburton and Mancuso 1998, Baldinger et al 1995, Revell 1988. These findings are unlikely to reflect the reversal of a withdrawal-induced deficit in performance in nicotine-dependant smokers as they have also been observed in non-abstinent smokers (Warburton and Arnall 1994) and non-smokers (Wesnes & Revell, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers

2005

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Rationale Nicotine is known to improve performance on tests involving sustained attention and recent research suggests that nicotine may also improve performance on tests involving the strategic allocation of attention and working memory. Objectives We used traditional measures and eye tracking techniques to examine the effects of nicotine on visual search tasks. Methods In experiment 1 smokers and non-smokers performed pop-out and serial search tasks. Experiment 2 used a within subject design and a more demanding search task for multiple targets. In both studies, 2-hour abstinent smokers were asked to smoke one of their own cigarettes between baseline and post-tests. Results In experiment 1, Pop-out search times were faster after nicotine, without a loss in accuracy. Similar effects were observed for serial searches, but these were significant only at a trend level. In experiment 2, nicotine facilitated a strategic change in eyemovements resulting in a higher proportion of fixations on target letters. If the cigarette was smoked on the first trial (when the task was novel), nicotine additionally reduced the total number of fixations and refixations on all letters in the display. Conclusions Nicotine improves visual search performance by speeding up search time and enabling a better focus of attention on task relevant items. This appears to reflect more efficient inhibition of eye-movements towards task irrelevant stimuli, and better active maintenance of task goals. When the task is novel, and therefore more difficult, nicotine lessens the need to refixate previously seen letters, suggesting an improvement in working memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers

2005

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“…Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is also associated with attenuation of tobacco withdrawal symptoms (Kleykamp et al 2008;Shiffman et al 2006) and improved cognitive performance in abstinent smokers. Thus sustained attention (Mancuso et al 1999;Parrot and Craig 1992) and working memory (Atzori et al 2008;Grobe et al 1998) are improved after NRT compared with placebo, although there are also some negative findings (Ahnallen et al 2008;Cook et al 2003;Warburton and Mancuso 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

2013

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Rationale: It is well-established that nicotine improves, and deprivation impairs, cognitive performance and mood in smokers. Prospective memory (PM), remembering to execute a delayed intention at a given time point, is under-explored in smokers. Whilst a handful of studies have shown improved PM with nicotine, effects of nicotine delivered via the electronic cigarette have not been investigated.Objective: This study explores whether, by comparison with placebo, nicotine delivered via the e-cigarette can improve PM, tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke in abstinent smokers.Methods: Twenty smokers, abstinent for 8-10 hours, each completed two experimental sessions under nicotine (18mg) and placebo (0mg) e-cigarette conditions. Participants completed a single-item desire to smoke scale and the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS). PM was measured using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT).Results: Compared with placebo, the nicotine e-cigarette reduced desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and improved time-based but not event-based PM. There was a moderate, marginally significant negative correlation between PM performance during abstinence and nicotine dependence.Conclusions: This is the first study to show that nicotine derived via e-cigarette can improve PM in abstinent smokers suggesting efficient nicotine delivery. That the effect of nicotine was restricted to time-based rather than event-based PM is consistent with the view that nicotine acts to improve performance on strategic (effortful) rather than automatic processing. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that the e-cigarette can replace some of the effects of nicotine derived from tobacco smoking thus highlighting its potential for smoking cessation.

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“…abstinence (Bates et al, 1995;Bell et al, 1999;Ernst et al, 2001;Foulds et al, 1996;Warburton and Mancuso, 1998) and in patients with different psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia (Levin et al, 1996;Sahakian et al, 1989;White and Levin, 2004). Thus, it has been argued that nicotine-induced cognitive enhancement in these populations reflects the reversal of cognitive deficits characteristic of both nicotine withdrawal and/or the neuropsychiatric disease states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic nicotine administration improves attention while nicotine withdrawal induces performance deficits in the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats

Semenova

Stolerman

Markou

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Nicotine appears to enhance attention, while nicotine withdrawal leads to attentional deficits in humans that are ameliorated with nicotine administration. However, there has been much debate as to whether nicotine improves performance under baseline conditions, or only ameliorates attentional deficits. Thus, we studied the effects of acute and chronic nicotine administration and nicotine withdrawal on attentional performance in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in Wistar and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats under baseline conditions. Wistar rats performed with higher accuracy compared to SD rats. Acute nicotine administration induced small increases in accuracy and correct responses, impulsivity and speed of responding and decreases in omission errors. These effects were more pronounced in less accurate rats or after task modifications were implemented to disrupt the rats' performance. Chronic nicotine administration via minipumps consistently increased accuracy during days 4-6 of nicotine infusion after the effect of nicotine on impulsivity during days 1-3 dissipated. By contrast, nicotine withdrawal induced decreases in correct responses, and increases in omissions and latencies to respond, but had no effect on accuracy. These results provide evidence that chronic, but not acute, nicotine administration induced accuracy improvement under baseline conditions, while nicotine withdrawal produced some limited performance deficits.

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Evaluation of the information processing and mood effects of a transdermal nicotine patch

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers

Acute effects of nicotine on visual search tasks in young adult smokers

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

Chronic nicotine administration improves attention while nicotine withdrawal induces performance deficits in the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats

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