Evaluation of the Iowa Pain Thermometer and Other Selected Pain Intensity Scales in Younger and Older Adult Cohorts Using Controlled Clinical Pain: A Preliminary Study

Herr, Keela; Spratt, Kevin F.; Garand, Linda; Li, Li

doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00316.x

Cited by 137 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Studies have shown that the IPT is reliable, valid, and generally preferred over other pain intensity tools (Herr et al, 2007;Taylor, Harris, Epps, & Herr, 2005;Ware, Epps, Herr, & Packard, 2006). In addition, Herr et al (2007) reported that the IPT had the lowest failure rate when compared with four other pain intensity tools in a sample of older adults, 22% of whom were cognitively impaired.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain intensity was measured using the Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT), which incorporates a vertical visual scale (a graphic representation of a thermometer that becomes increasingly red as pain intensity increases), verbal descriptors, and numeric methods for scoring pain intensity (Herr, Spratt, Garand, & Li, 2007). Verbal descriptors of pain range from no pain at the base of the thermometer to the most intense pain imaginable at the top.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nursing Home Staff Adherence to Evidence-Based Pain Management Practices

Jablonski¹,

Ersek²

2009

J Gerontol Nurs

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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which nursing home staff adhere to current evidence-based guidelines to assess and manage persistent pain experienced by elderly residents. A retrospective audit was conducted of the medical records of 291 residents of 14 long-term care facilities in western Washington State. Data revealed a gap between actual practice and current best practice. Assessment of persistent pain was limited primarily to intensity and location. Although prescribing practices were more in line with evidence-based guidelines, a significant number of residents did not obtain adequate pain relief. Nonpharmacological pain management methods were rarely implemented. Nursing home staff and administrators must critically examine both system and individual staff reasons for failure to comply with best pain management practices. Research is needed to determine factors that contribute to less-than-optimal adherence to evidence-based guidelines for pain management, as well as the best methods for implementing practice change.The quality of care provided in U.S. nursing homes has long been a concern of policy makers, health care providers, and consumers. Following a study conducted in 1986, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that care provided in nursing homes was often seriously inadequate. These findings provided the impetus for enactment of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, which established higher standards of care for nursing homes receiving Medicare and Medicaid funding. Although the quality of care in nursing homes improved after this legislation went into effect, it is well known that care remains less than optimal in many instances (Weiner, Freiman, & Brown, 2007). The prevalence of pressure ulcers, malnutrition, and incontinence remains at unacceptable levels (IOM, 2001;Weiner et al., 2007). Of particular concern is the high number of nursing home residents who experience pain (AGS Panel on Persistent Pain in Older Persons [AGS Panel], 2002;Gibson, 2007;Zanocchi et al., 2007).Research indicates that as many as 83% of nursing home residents experience pain that often goes unrecognized or inappropriately treated (AGS Panel, 2002;Teno, Kabumoto, Wetle, Roy, & Mor, 2004;Zanocchi et al., 2007). This is significant in that the presence of persistent pain adversely affects mood, sleep quality, functional ability, and quality of life (AGS Panel, 2002;Leong & Nuo, 2007). From a systems perspective, the high prevalence of pain is a Address correspondence to Anita Jablonski, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Seattle University College of Nursing, 901 12th Avenue, PO Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122-1090; jablonsk@seattleu.edu.. The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity. 2003). The guidelines synthesize current best practice through integration of scientific evidence, clinical experience, and expert opinion. These resources can potentially increase the effe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing Home Staff Adherence to Evidence-Based Pain Management Practices

Jablonski¹,

Ersek²

2009

J Gerontol Nurs

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“…19 Patients are more familiar with the VNRS, which is commonly used in clinical practice to assess pain intensity. 20 Preference. Patients' preference regarding HFCWO and CPT was measured by using an abridged version of the Chest Physiotherapy Satisfaction Survey developed by Oermann and colleagues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNE Article: Pain After Lung Transplant: High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation vs Chest Physiotherapy

Esguerra-Gonzalez

Ilagan-Honorio

Fraschilla

et al. 2013

American Journal of Critical Care

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Background Chest physiotherapy and high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) are routinely used after lung transplant to facilitate removal of secretions. To date, no studies have been done to investigate which therapy is more comfortable and preferred by lung transplant recipients. Patients who have less pain may mobilize secretions, heal, and recover faster. Objectives To compare effects of HFCWO versus chest physiotherapy on pain and preference in lung transplant recipients. Methods In a 2-group experimental, repeated-measures design, 45 lung transplant recipients (27 single lung, 18 bilateral) were randomized to chest physiotherapy (10 AM, 2 PM) followed by HFCWO (6 PM, 10 PM; group 1, n = 22) or vice versa (group 2, n = 23) on postoperative day 3. A verbal numeric rating scale was used to measure pain before and after treatment. At the end of the treatment sequence, a 4-item patient survey was administered to assess treatment preference, pain, and effectiveness. Data were analyzed with χ 2 and t tests and repeatedmeasures analysis of variance. Results A significant interaction was found between mean difference in pain scores from before to after treatment and treatment method; pain scores decreased more when HFCWO was done at 10 AM and 6 PM (P = .04). Bilateral transplant recipients showed a significant preference for HFCWO over chest physiotherapy (11 [85%] C E N Notice to CNE enrollees:A closed-book, multiple-choice examination following this article tests your under standing of the following objectives:1. Identify the unique characteristics and challenges of pulmonary hygiene for lung transplant patients. 2. Describe the difference between chest physiotherapy and high-frequency chest wall oscillation. 3. Define the limitations of this study and need for future studies on this topic.

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“…Designed for children aged 3 years and over, the FPS-R is also helpful for elderly patients who may be cognitively impaired (35,46,47) (43,44). It has been shown that older patients prefer thermometer scales considering them to be the easiest to understand, and these are recommended by national and international guideline panels (43,48,49). Patients are shown the scale and asked to think that pain increases as you move to the top of the scale in the same way as temperature rises in a thermometer.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scale uses descriptive anchors spaced along its length, with the spacing of the descriptor representing logarithmic changes in pain intensity. The Pain Thermometer aligns a thermometer alongside the words representing different levels of pain severity (43) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain assessment strategies in patients with musculoskeletal conditions

2012

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Valid and reliable assessment of pain is fundamental for both clinical trials and effective pain management. The nature of pain makes objective measurement impossible. Chronic musculoskeletal pain assessment and its impact on physical, emotional and social functions require multidimensional qualitative tools and healthrelated quality of life instruments. The recommendations concerning outcome measurements for pain trials are useful for making routine assessments that should include an evaluation of pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, physical functioning, emotional functioning, patient global ratings of satisfaction, and quality of life. Despite the growing availability of instruments and theoretical publications related to measuring the various aspects of chronic pain, there is still little agreement and no unified approach has been devised. There is, therefore, still a considerable need for the development of a core set of measurement tools and response criteria, as well as for the development and refinement of the related instruments, standardized assessor training, the cross-cultural adaptation of health status questionnaires, electronic data capture, and the introduction of valid, reliable and responsive standardized quantitative measurement procedures into routine clinical care. This article reviews a selection of the instruments used to assess chronic musculoskeletal pain, including validated newly developed and well-established screening instruments, and discusses their advantages and limitations

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Evaluation of the Iowa Pain Thermometer and Other Selected Pain Intensity Scales in Younger and Older Adult Cohorts Using Controlled Clinical Pain: A Preliminary Study

Abstract: Based on sensitivity to change, lower failure rates, higher preference evaluations, and little appreciable affects associated with cognitive impairment, the IPT was judged to be the best choice for assessing pain intensity for both age cohorts and warrants further study.

Cited by 137 publications

References 56 publications

Nursing Home Staff Adherence to Evidence-Based Pain Management Practices

Nursing Home Staff Adherence to Evidence-Based Pain Management Practices

CNE Article: Pain After Lung Transplant: High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation vs Chest Physiotherapy

Pain assessment strategies in patients with musculoskeletal conditions

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