Evaluation of the isoflurane‐sparing effects of fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or the combination lidocaine‐ketamine‐dexmedetomidine during ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Gutiérrez‐Blanco, Eduardo; Victoria-Mora, José M.; Ibancovichi-Camarillo, José Antonio; Sauri-Arceo, Carlos H.; Bolio-González, Manuel Emilio; Acevedo-Arcique, Carlos M.; Marin-Cano, Gabriela; Steagall, Paulo V.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12079

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding may be related to significantly decreased isoflurane concentrations, as reported previously [3], [7]. The dosage regimens reported here are commonly used during surgery in dogs when the provision of analgesia, sedation and limitation of the stress response is required [6], [11], [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Drugs such as lidocaine (local anaesthetic) and dexmedetomidine (sedative) decrease the MAC of inhaled anaesthetics and may also reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary depression by means of decreasing the inhalant anaesthetic requirements during anaesthesia [5], [6], [7]. In addition, the combination of these agents with different pharmacological mechanisms of action may provide better analgesia and an even a greater inhalant-sparing effect [2], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Lidocaine (LIDO) is an amide local anaesthetic that can be administered intravenously (IV) via a bolus or constant rate infusion (CRI) to provide perioperative analgesia, sedation and anti-arrhythmic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Acevedo-Arcique

Ibancovichi-Camarillo

Chavez

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The effects of intravenous (IV) lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination delivered as a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) in dogs were evaluated. Seven healthy adult dogs were included. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. For each dog, baseline MAC (MACISO/BASAL) was determined after a 90-minute equilibration period. Thereafter, each dog received one of the following treatments (loading dose, CRI): lidocaine 2 mg kg−1, 100 µg kg−1 minute−1; dexmedetomidine 2 µg kg−1, 2 µg kg−1 hour−1; or their combination. MAC was then determined again after 45- minutes of treatment by CRI. At the doses administered, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination significantly reduced MACISO by 27.3% (range: 12.5–39.2%), 43.4% (33.3–53.3%) and 60.9% (46.1–78.1%), respectively, when compared to MACISO/BASAL. The combination resulted in a greater MACISO reduction than the two drugs alone. Their use, at the doses studied, provides a clinically important reduction in the concentration of ISO during anaesthesia in dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Acevedo-Arcique

Ibancovichi-Camarillo

Chavez

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…The sevoflurane MAC in dogs is reported at a range from 2.1% to 2.4% in most previous studies [13,14,15, 17, 20, 38]. The baseline MAC of sevoflurane in our study was 1.82% (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…Once the SEV-MAC BASAL was determined, dogs were received the CRI treatment of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine or combination. The SEV-MAC LID , SEV-MAC DEX and SEV-MAC LID-DEX were determined after 45 min equilibration period of the CRI treatments [15, 36]. Cardiovascular parameters and other variables were recorded immediately before the determination of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine or Their Combination on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Dogs

Moran-Muñoz

Ibancovichi-Camarillo

Gutiérrez‐Blanco

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lidocaine (LIDO) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) or their combination (LIDO–DEX), administered by constant-rate infusion (CRI), on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in dogs. Seven healthy mongrel dogs were used with a 2-week washout interval between treatments in this study. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen, and MAC of sevoflurane was determined after 90 min equilibration period in the dogs (SEV-MACBASAL). Then, sevoflurane MAC was determined again in the dogs after 45 min equilibration period of one of the following treatments: an intravenous loading dose of lidocaine 2 mg/kg followed by 6 mg/kg/hr CRI (SEV-MACLIDO); an intravenous loading dose of dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg followed by 2 µg/kg/hr CRI (SEV-MACDEX); or their combination (SEV-MACLIDO-DEX). These SEV-MACs were determined in duplicate. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tuckey test when appropriate. The SEV-MACBASAL was 1.82 ± 0.06%, SEV-MACLIDO was 1.38 ± 0.08%, SEV-MACDEX was 1.22 ± 0.10%, and SEV-MACLIDO-DEX was 0.78 ± 0.06%. The CRI administration of lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination produced a significant reduction in the MAC of sevoflurane by 26.1 ± 9.0% (P<0.0001), 43.7 ± 11.8% (P<0.0002) and 54.4 ± 9.8% (P<0.0001), respectively. The MAC reduction was significantly greater after the CRI combination of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine when compared with lidocaine CRI (P<0.0001) or dexmedetomidine CRI treatments (P<0.025).

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“…With a prevalence of over 40% as a postoperative complication, this study showed that pain should be properly assessed and aggressively treated in these cats. Balanced anesthesia and multimodal analgesia were incorporated in the anesthetic protocols in an attempt to minimize cardiorespiratory depression while maximizing pain relief [15, 18, 30]. Opioids were administered for analgesia and to decrease inhalant anesthetic concentrations by 15–20% [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of anesthesia for subcutaneous ureteral bypass placement in cats: 27 cases

Luca

Monteiro

Dunn

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The goals of this retrospective clinical case series study were to describe the management of anesthesia, and to report perioperative complications in cats undergoing subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) placement due to ureteral obstruction. Medical records of client-owned cats with ureteral obstruction and anesthetized for SUB placement between 2012 and 2015 in a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed. Twenty-seven cases were identified. Duration of anesthesia and surgery (mean ± standard deviation) were 215 ± 42 min and 148 ± 36 min, respectively. Hypothermia was the most common intraoperative complication. Hypotension, hypocapnia, hypertension and bradycardia were also frequently observed. Out of 22 cats who experienced intraoperative hypotension, 17 received inotropes and vasopressors. There was a significant decrease in creatinine (P=0.008) and total solids (P=0.007) after SUB placement when compared with baseline values. Postoperative complications included pain, anorexia, nausea, hypertension, and urinary tract-related problems. No death occurred in the postoperative period. Successful management of anesthesia for SUB placement involves rigorous anesthetic monitoring and immediate treatment of complications. Perioperative complications appear to be common. This study could not identify risk factors associated with this procedure.

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Evaluation of the isoflurane‐sparing effects of fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, or the combination lidocaine‐ketamine‐dexmedetomidine during ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Effects of Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine or Their Combination on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Dogs

A retrospective study of anesthesia for subcutaneous ureteral bypass placement in cats: 27 cases

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