Evaluation of the latest Spanish grid code requirements from a PV power plant perspective

Martínez-Lavín, Miguel; Villena-Ruiz, Raquel; Honrubia-Escribano, A.; Hernández, Jesús C.; Gómez‐Lázaro, Emilio

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.078

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Usually, it is limited to a maximum ramping rate value that differs depending on the country: in [105], a comprehensive review about this parameter is provided according to national grid codes. In [116,117], the compliance of real PV power plants with the technical requirements established in the new Spanish grid code is evaluated; both papers suggest the practical applicability and compliance of the aggregated PV units with the considered prescriptions. However, in the literature, the computation of the ramping rate is not uniquely defined, and several calculation methods are proposed: in [118], it is obtained as the change in the output power between two successive time instances; in [119], it is obtained as the difference between the maximum and the minimum values measured during a specific time window; while in [120], it is obtained as the difference between consecutive boxcar averaged values whose width is a specific time window.…”

Section: Literature On Technical Indexes Of Flexible Distributed Ener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

et al. 2023

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Electric power systems are moving toward more decentralized models, where energy generation is performed by small and distributed power plants, often from renewables. With the gradual phase out from fossil fuels, however, Distribution Energy Resources (DERs) are expected to take over in the provision of all regulation services required to operate the grid. To this purpose, the opening of national Ancillary Service Markets (ASMs) to DERs is considered an essential passage. In order to allow this transition to happen, current opportunities and barriers to market participation of DERs must be clearly identified. In this work, a comprehensive review is provided of the state-of-the-art of research on DER integration into ASMs. The topic at hand is analyzed from different perspectives. First, the current situation and main trends regarding the reformation processes of national ASMs are analyzed to get a clear picture of the evolutions expected and adjustment required in the future, according to the scientific community. Then, the focus is moved to the strategies to be adopted by aggregators for the effective control and coordination of DERs, exploring the challenges posed by the uncertainties affecting the problem. Coordination schemes between transmission and distribution system operators, and the implications on the grid infrastructure operation and planning, are also investigated. Finally, the review deepens the control capabilities required for DER technologies to perform the needed control actions.

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