Evaluation of the life cycle of hydrothermally carbonized biomass for energy and horticulture application

Roy, Poritosh; Dutta, Animesh; Gallant, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110046

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“… 2 However, many disadvantages of biomass energy, such as a low energy content, low density, and high water content, lead to expensive operation and transportation costs, which limit their popularization and utilization. 5 , 6 At present, carbonization, 7 gasification, 8 and liquefaction 4 have been successfully applied to produce products with higher energy density and easier transportation biofuel from different types of biomass raw materials, reducing the dependence on fossil energy. In these thermal conversion technologies, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has attracted the attention of many researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, researchers have begun to pay close attention to the utilization of renewable energy as a replacement of fossil fuel. , Biomass energy, a type of renewable energy, not only has a wide range of sources and huge reserves, which can alleviate the current energy crisis, but also reduces the emissions of CO 2 , NOx, and SO 2 , which plays a positive role in maintaining ecological balance . However, many disadvantages of biomass energy, such as a low energy content, low density, and high water content, lead to expensive operation and transportation costs, which limit their popularization and utilization. , At present, carbonization, gasification, and liquefaction have been successfully applied to produce products with higher energy density and easier transportation biofuel from different types of biomass raw materials, reducing the dependence on fossil energy. In these thermal conversion technologies, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has attracted the attention of many researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Hydrochars Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Camellia oleifera Shells

et al. 2021

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical conversion technique that can produce renewable solid biofuel by all types of waste. Waste Camellia oleifera shells (WCOSs) can be used to produce hydrochars via HTC. The effect of HTC temperature on the physicochemical properties and combustion behaviors of hydrochars was analyzed by varying from 150 to 300 °C. The mass yield of hydrochars decreased from 72.45% at 150 °C to 41.88% at 300 °C with the increase in temperature, and the higher heating value increased from 19.22 MJ/kg at 150 °C to 29.97 MJ/kg at 300 °C. The H/C and O/C values reduced from 1.30 and 0.66 of HTC150 to 0.77 and 0.27 of HTC300, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the functional groups of hydrochar have changed because of the dehydration and decarboxylation reaction. The surface structure of hydrochars was rougher, and many pore structures were found at 240–300 °C by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The combustion behaviors of WCOSs and their hydochars are distinct via thermogravimetric analysis, and the stability of hydrochars was strengthened with the increase in HTC temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Hydrochars Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Camellia oleifera Shells

et al. 2021

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“…The application of hydrochar reduced CH 4 and N 2 O emissions by 6.56 kg and 0.23 kg, respectively. In addition, some studies have shown that the carbon sequestration impact of 1 t of biochar application can reduce CO 2 emissions by 1153–3769 kg. ,, Table S3 records the energy consumption of the unit, the emissions, and the amount of chemicals avoided for consumption. Specifically, as shown in Figure , electricity consumption was the main contributor to human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity during hydrochar application to the soil, accounting for 51%, 58%, 60%, and 92%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three types of HTC products have potential applications. For instance, hydrochar is used in energy applications such as fuels due to its higher calorific value and lower ash content or in soil remediation due to its high porosity involved in CO 2 capture. − The hydrothermal aqueous phase is considered commercially viable for the recovery of its components due to high concentrations of chemicals such as formic acid and acetic acid . Gas utilization can produce negative carbon emissions through catalytic upgrading for CO 2 methanation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Cycle Assessment of the Combined Utilization of Biomass Waste-Derived Hydrochar as a Carbon Source and Soil Remediation

Chen

Jiang

2022

ACS EST Eng.

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The conversion of waste biomass to hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) treatment is a promising technology for waste management, and the thorough utilization of hydrochar can reduce the environmental load. Herein, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate hydrochar as a carbon source in wastewater plants (WWTPs) and subsequently soil remediation. The simulated combined utilization of hydrochar showed that Bacillus subtilis may utilize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) of hydrochar that contains many aliphatic organic substances, and the microbially treated hydrochar retains most of the nutrients for crop growth. LCA shows that hydrochar could avoid 28% of the environmental load of WWTPs in terms of global warming (GWP100) and 47% of the environmental load of freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity and could reduce 54% of the environmental impact of soil fertilization in terms of eutrophication and 34% of GWP100 in soil remediation. Furthermore, LCA results indicate that hydrochar derived at 160 °C has the lowest environmental load in the combined utilization. This study proposes an optimized utilization of biomass wastes and extends the life cycle of derived hydrochar by experimental determination and the LCA method.

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“…Carbonized biomass can be utilized as fuel-grade solid fuels substitute for operating existing coal-fired power plants to provide power/electricity to nearby industries and communities. [54] The coke manufacture through carbonization can be used as a Table 1. Composition of gasification product.…”

Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Sustainable Energy from Agro‐Residues through Thermal Pretreatment for Developing Nations: A Review

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Energy is a prerequisite for any nation's industrial, social, and economic advancements. [1][2][3][4] Energy can broadly be categorized into renewable and nonrenewable energies. Nonrenewable energies are energy that cannot be replenished over a short period. Examples of such energy are coal, nuclear energy, natural gas, and crude oil. Renewable energies, in contrast, are those energies that are replenishable over a short period. This form of energy includes solar, hydro, tidal, wind, biomass energy, etc. Biomass energy is the energy generated from biomass materials. Biomass material could be woody (such as teak, mahogany), nonwoody (such as agro-residues, industrial waste), and animal materials. [5] Agroresidues are described as all organic materials that are generated as byproducts from agricultural activities. These byproducts constitute the main part of biomass feedstock's total annual production, which forms an essential and sustainable source of energy for industrial and domestic applications. [6] They are material that are of benefit to humankind, though their economic benefits are less than the cost of transformation for advantageous use. [7] Agro-residues can be divided into residues generated on the field and residues generated during the processing of agricultural products. [8] Field-based residues include but are not limited to tobacco stalks, maize stalks, sugar cane tops, rice straw, soybean straw/pods, and cocoa pods. In contrast, process-based include peanuts shell, rice husk, maize cob, bagasse, and coffee husk. Agro-residues are available in large quantities in an area with a high level of agricultural activities. [9] In developing nations, major agricultural activities are recorded in the rural areas, resulting in a larger quantity of agro-residues in these areas. [10,11] Most of the time, the farmers in developing nations' dump these residues in an open field or

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Evaluation of the life cycle of hydrothermally carbonized biomass for energy and horticulture application

Cited by 33 publications

References 73 publications

The Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Hydrochars Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Camellia oleifera Shells

The Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Hydrochars Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Camellia oleifera Shells

A Life Cycle Assessment of the Combined Utilization of Biomass Waste-Derived Hydrochar as a Carbon Source and Soil Remediation

Generation of Sustainable Energy from Agro‐Residues through Thermal Pretreatment for Developing Nations: A Review

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