Evaluation of the metal content of farm grown Gracilaria tikvahiae and Saccharina latissima from Long Island Sound and New York Estuaries

Kim, Jang K.; Kraemer, George P.; Yarish, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101484

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, Hg ( p < .01) and Se ( p < .05) concentrations of brown seaweeds were significantly higher than red seaweeds (Chen et al., ). Also, the heavy metal content of Saccharina latissima cultivated in urbanized estuaries was shown to be site dependent (Kim, Kraemer, & Yarish, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

Banach

Hil

Fels‐Klerx

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

139

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Seaweed is a source of protein that can help overcome the anticipated challenges of a growing world population and the current challenges for finding alternatives for animal proteins in the Western diet. Thus far, data on the safety of seaweed for feed and food purposes in the Western world are scattered. This study aimed to review the available knowledge on the presence of food safety hazards in seaweed, including factors influencing their presence, and to prioritize the hazards that may pose a risk to human health. Given current knowledge from the literature, data from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, and results from a stakeholder survey, 22 food safety hazards were ranked into major (4), moderate (5), and minor (13) hazards. Arsenic, cadmium, iodine, and Salmonella were identified as major hazards. Hazards, where data gaps exist, should be carefully assessed. These include pesticide residues, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, marine biotoxins, allergens, micro‐ and nanoplastics, other pathogenic bacteria, norovirus, and hepatitis E virus. It is recommended to collect more data on these hazards in future studies. Many factors can affect the presence of hazards including seaweed type, physiology, season, harvest and cultivation environment, geography including the location of cultivation, alongside further processing. Moreover, when seaweed is cultivated near industrialized or anthropogenic activities, these activities may negatively influence water quality, which can increase the likelihood of hazards in seaweed. Results of the ranking prioritized hazards can be used to prioritize monitoring programs and adjusted given future additional knowledge covering the data gaps.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

Banach

Hil

Fels‐Klerx

2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

139

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“…org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/en (Accessed 06/15/2020). the ingredient, proof of consistent manufacturing, and a proposed legal definition for the ingredient (see footnote 1) (34,67). In addition, feed manufacturers must find ways to produce seaweed-based feed ingredients that are compatible with the feed manufacturing and handling systems used by the industry today.…”

Section: Animal Feed Research and Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algae-based feeds may also improve fatty acid profile (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), increase fat content and reduce somatic cell counts in milk (33). However, seaweeds may also contain inorganic elements and heavy metals like iodine, bromine, arsenic and other halogenated bioactive organic compounds that at high levels may cause toxicity in animals and humans (19,34). Chronic excess iodine intake from consumption of kelp meal in dairy cows can lead to iodine-enriched milk (21,23,35,36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal feed ingredients are highly regulated in many countries, with approval processes similar to foods for human consumption. In the U.S., feeds must typically meet animal and human safety standards, with thorough documentation of supporting data and methods used to obtain it, as well as detailed descriptions of the manufacturing process, toxicology of any potentially harmful substances in the ingredient, proof of consistent manufacturing, and a proposed legal definition for the ingredient (see footnote 1) ( 34 , 67 ). In addition, feed manufacturers must find ways to produce seaweed-based feed ingredients that are compatible with the feed manufacturing and handling systems used by the industry today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Considerations for the Use of Seaweed to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions From Cattle

Vijn

Compart²,

Dutta

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Enteric methane emissions are the single largest source of direct greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in beef and dairy value chains and a substantial contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions globally. In late 2019, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR) convened approximately 50 stakeholders representing research and production of seaweeds, animal feeds, dairy cattle, and beef and dairy foods to discuss challenges and opportunities associated with the use of seaweed-based ingredients to reduce enteric methane emissions. This Perspective article describes the considerations identified by the workshop participants and suggests next steps for the further development and evaluation of seaweed-based feed ingredients as enteric methane mitigants. Although numerous compounds derived from sources other than seaweed have been identified as having enteric methane mitigation potential, these mitigants are outside the scope of this article.

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“…Saccharina latissima is the most commonly cultured kelp in Europe and North America, and it is strongly influenced by both environmental conditions and seasonality which drive variation in kelp productivity and biomass quality (i.e. Handå et al 2013;Peteiro and Freire 2013;Marinho et al 2015b;Vilg et al 2015;Azevedo et al 2016;Bruhn et al 2016;Breton et al 2018;Hasselström et al 2018;Kim et al 2019). Beside its commercial value, the cultivation of S. latissima also brings positive benefits to coastal via the removal of dissolved nutrients from the water, potentially contributing to limiting eutrophication events (Troell et al 1999;Marinho et al 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelp in IMTAs: small variations in inorganic nitrogen concentrations drive different physiological responses of Saccharina latissima

et al. 2020

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Kelps can be included in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) where their growth and quality might benefit from the nutrient load released by other species like finfish and mussels transforming effluents from the cultured animals into valuable products. We studied how different nutrient concentrations affect growth, photosynthesis, chemical composition and pigment content of the kelp Saccharina latissima. We exposed kelps to natural seawater, water enriched to levels of ammonium and nitrate simulating finfish cage waste (IMTA1) and a combination of such enrichment with natural effluents coming from mussels (IMTA2). The algal biomass was higher and produced elevated total organic content when exposed to both IMTA1 and IMTA2. The photosynthetic responses in terms of relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax), PSII saturation irradiance (Ek) and total nitrogen content were also positively affected by both IMTA1 and IMTA2. We found a significant enhancement in pigment content only when algae were exposed to the strongest enrichment of our study (IMTA2). Finally, we found a positive relationship between rETRmax and growth, and the content of chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. Our results show significant physiological responses of S. latissima to nutrient enrichment mimicking IMTA settings, as well as the benefit of added nutrients through a boost in photosynthetic activity that leads to higher kelp biomass and pigment production. This study suggests that modest nitrogen enrichment such as the one in our IMTA2 setup is enough to generate not only higher kelp biomass, but also an increased biomass quality with potentially higher market value.

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Evaluation of the metal content of farm grown Gracilaria tikvahiae and Saccharina latissima from Long Island Sound and New York Estuaries

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

Key Considerations for the Use of Seaweed to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions From Cattle

Kelp in IMTAs: small variations in inorganic nitrogen concentrations drive different physiological responses of Saccharina latissima

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