Evaluation of the Microbiological Profile of Alveolar Residual Screws and Cleft-Adjacent Teeth in Individuals With Complete Unilateral Fissures

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the microbiota profile of residual alveolar slits and teeth adjacent to the cleft in fissured individuals. Designs: This study used a cross-sectional design. Participants: Twenty individuals, aged 14 to 24 years, who had a residual fissure in the maxillary alveolar ridge region were selected. Main outcome measures: Three sites per individual were selected for microbiological collection (the site of the residual cleft and the 2 nearest teeth). The samples were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization technique for 73 species of bacteria. Results: All the species analyzed were found in the 2 niches (slits and teeth). The bacterial species present in the largest number in the residual cracks were Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, and Streptococcus mitis. With regard to the bacterial profiles in the mesial and distal faces, the most prevalent species were P nigrescens, Veillonella parvula, and Fusobacterium nucleatum sp vicentii. The analysis of all the collected samples demonstrated very similar profiles for the mesial and distal faces, with these 2 sites even presenting the same species in greater frequencies. Higher counts of 20 bacterial species (Wilcoxon test) were observed in the dental niche, in relation to the fissure, particularly, P nigrescens, V parvula, F nucleatum sp vicentii, and Neisseria mucosa. Conclusion: Some species were significantly more prevalent in the residual alveolar fissures and in adjacent teeth. The comparison between the profiles of the 2 niches demonstrated large differences in the most frequent species in the teeth, and no qualitative differences with regard to specific pathogens.

Investigating oral microbiome profiles in patients with cleft lip and palate compared with the healthy control

“…Prior research has established a strong association between Neisseria and the occurrence and development of cavities, as it produces acid that reduces the pH of the mouth and leads to enamel demineralization [ 36 ]. The notable prevalence of Neisseria genus in the CLP group is consistent with previous research findings [ 37 ], underscoring its potential as a caries indicator [ 27 ]. The Haemophilus genus, which consists of opportunistic pathogens, is often found in infants before undergoing the first stage of repair of the soft palate [ 38 ].…”

Characterizing the microbiota of cleft lip and palate patients: a comprehensive review

“…The relevant anatomic regions include the mucosa in the oral region (such as the palatal cleft site, entire palate, sublingual mucosa, and dorsum of the tongue) ( Supplementary Table S3 ), and the mucosa in non-oral regions (such as the nasal mucosa, throat, oro-nasopharynx, perineum, and ear) ( Supplementary Table S4) ; in some studies, samples from both areas are combined ( Supplementary Table S5 ). Although a great amount of research has been conducted on the mucosal microbiota of CL/P subjects ( Mombelli et al., 1992 ; Machorowska-Pieniążek et al., 2017 ; Roode et al., 2017 ; Roode and Bütow, 2018 ; Ramdial and Madaree, 2019 ; Iurovschi et al., 2020 ), few reports compared samples from CL/P patients with those from non-CL/P subjects.…”

“…For example, examination of cleft samples by Iurovschi et al. revealed that P. melaninogenica, P. nigrescens , and, to a lesser degree, S. mitis and Enterobacter aerogenes , had higher mean colony counts than any other species ( Iurovschi et al., 2020 ). Multiple studies have determined Klebsiella pneumoniae to be moderately prevalent in CL/P patients ( Cocco et al., 2010 ; Machorowska-Pieniążek et al., 2017 ).…”

“…Several other species have also been reported as frequently occurring in CL/P subjects or occurring at high levels in oral mucosa samples from these patients (Supplementary Table S3). For example, examination of cleft samples by Iurovschi et al revealed that P. melaninogenica, P. nigrescens, and, to a lesser degree, S. mitis and Enterobacter aerogenes, had higher mean colony counts than any other species (Iurovschi et al, 2020). Multiple studies have determined Klebsiella pneumoniae to be moderately prevalent in CL/P patients (Cocco et al, 2010;Machorowska-Pieniazėk et al, 2017).…”