Evaluation of the Mirasol platelet reduction technology system against <i>Babesia microti</i> in apheresis platelets and plasma

Tonnetti, Laura; Proctor, Melanie C.; Reddy, Heather L.; Goodrich, Raymond P.; Leiby, David A.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02538.x

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For both components, a mean inactivation of greater than 5.3 logs was reported, with no viable B. microti parasites observed. Similar results have been reported for riboflavin and UV light: the absence of measurable parasitemia in hamsters receiving treated blood and an observed inactivation of 4 to 5 logs in both platelet and plasma components (120). While both methods demonstrate feasibility and are presently used in portions of Europe for platelet and plasma products, two major obstacles to implementation in the United States exist.…”

Section: Pathogen Reductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Despite rare reports of extracellular parasites (94,110) there are no published reports to suggest continued Babesia growth and/or replication during red cell storage at 4°C, and anecdotal data suggest that parasite viability gradually declines with time of storage. Similarly, TTB case reports implicating cryopreserved red cell units indicate that B. microti can survive indefinitely in the presence of glycerol cryopreservation (39,128), but in the absence of cryopreservation, the parasite is rapidly killed by freezing (120). Theoretically a single parasite is capable of transmitting infection.…”

Section: Survival In Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

2011

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SUMMARY Babesia spp. are intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of animals and humans that cause babesiosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted primarily by tick vectors. Although a variety of species or types of Babesia have been described in the literature as causing infection in humans, the rodent parasite Babesia microti has emerged as the focal point of human disease, especially in the United States. Not only has B. microti become established as a public health concern, this agent is increasingly being transmitted by blood transfusion: estimates suggest that between 70 and 100 cases of transfusion-transmitted Babesia (TTB) have occurred over the last 30 years. A recent upsurge in TTB cases attributable to B. microti , coupled with at least 12 fatalities in transfusion recipients diagnosed with babesiosis, has elevated TTB to a key policy issue in transfusion medicine. Despite clarity on a need to mitigate transmission risk, few options are currently available to prevent the transmission of B. microti by blood transfusion. Future mitigation efforts may stress serological screening of blood donors in regionalized areas of endemicity, with adjunct nucleic acid testing during the summer months, when acute infections are prevalent. However, several hurdles remain, including the absence of a licensed blood screening assay and a thorough cost-benefit analysis of proposed interventions. Despite current obstacles, continued discussion of TTB without proactive intervention is no longer a viable alternative.

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Section: Pathogen Reductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Survival In Blood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

2011

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“…In vitro experiments have supported the view that there is a bactericidal effect of this combination by demonstration of bacterial elimination using 365-nm light photo-activation of riboflavin [33][34][35]. Further evidence of this antimicrobial effect is added by the pathogen reduction technology developed for elevating safety in transfusions of human blood products, utilizing the same mode of action [36][37][38][39][40]. In view of the favorable clinical reports and the demonstrated sterilization properties of photo-activated riboflavin, we initiated a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of CXL as a solitary therapy for bacterial keratitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Makdoumi

Mortensen

Sorkhabi

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

161

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“…Using riboflavin as a photosensitizer, in combination with UV light, has been shown to reduce the infectivity of a broad range of pathogenic blood-borne contaminants, including bacteria 3,4,8,10,[19][20][21] .The use of riboflavin and UV light for pathogen reduction is non-toxic and non-mutagenic, and riboflavin and UV light-treated components have been shown to be safe for transfusion recipients as well as for those handling blood products 18 . Briefly, riboflavin molecules can associate with the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of bacteria, parasites, viruses and any nucleated cell (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination

Keil

Hovenga

Gilmour

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Contamination of platelet units by bacteria has long been acknowledged as a significant transfusion risk due to their post-donation storage conditions. Products are routinely stored at 22 °C on an agitating shaker, a condition that can promote bacterial growth. Although the total number of bacteria believed to be introduced into a platelet product is extremely low, these bacteria can multiply to a very high titer prior to transfusion, potentially resulting in serious adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate a riboflavin based pathogen reduction process against a panel of bacteria that have been identified as common contaminants of platelet products. This panel included the following organisms: S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. mitis, S. pyogenes, S. marcescens, Y. enterocolitica, B. neotomae, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Each platelet unit was inoculated with a high bacterial load and samples were removed both before and after treatment. A colony forming assay, using an end point dilution scheme, was used to determine the pre-treatment and post-treatment bacterial titers. Log reduction was calculated by subtracting the post-treatment titer from the pre-treatment titer. The following log reductions were observed: S. epidermidis 4.7 log (99.998%), S. aureus 4.8 log (99.998%), S. mitis 3.7 log (99.98%), S. pyogenes 2.6 log (99.7%), S. marcescens 4.0 log (99.99%), Y. enterocolitica 3.3 log (99.95%), B. neotomae 5.4 log (99.9996%), B. cereus 2.6 log (99.7%), E. coli ≥5.4 log (99.9996%), P. aeruginosa 4.7 log (99.998%) and K. pneumoniae 2.8 log (99.8%). The results from this study suggest the process could help to lower the risk of severe adverse transfusion events associated with bacterial contamination.

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Evaluation of the Mirasol platelet reduction technology system against Babesia microti in apheresis platelets and plasma

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

Transfusion-TransmittedBabesiaspp.: Bull's-Eye onBabesia microti

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Treatment of Platelet Products with Riboflavin and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination

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