Evaluation of the mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on serum iron parameters in rats

Çetkin, Murat; Demirel, Can; Kizilkan, Nese; Aksoy, Nur; Erbaǧcı, Hülya

doi:10.4314/ahs.v17i1.23

“…In the past years a number of articles have evidenced in animals and humans the possible role of EMF on the dysfunctional pathways of VGCC, on peroxynitrite formation, oxidative stress and on other biochemical pathways at the root of cation dysmetabolism. [312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320][321][322] Additionally, in the last decades scientific literature has documented the influence of EMF on viral activity, erythrocyte/ viroporins metabolism, mitochondria and immunity. [323][324][325][326][327] The possible interaction of 5G technology with human health is being debated as well, raising contrasting speculations and evidence, mostly due to the limited knowledge about this relatively new EMF typology.…”

Section: G) Hemoglobin Hemementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis

Cavezzi

¹

,

Menicagli

²

,

Troiani³

et al. 2022

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Background: iron and calcium dysmetabolism, with hyperferritinemia, hypoferremia, hypocalcemia and anemia have been documented in the majority of COVID-19 patients at later/worse stages. Furthermore, complementary to ACE2, both sialic acid (SA) molecules and CD147 proved relevant host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, which explains the viral attack to multiple types of cells, including erythrocytes, endothelium and neural tissue. Several authors advocated that cell ferroptosis may be the core and final cell degenerative mechanism. Methods: a literature research was performed in several scientific search engines, such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Chemical Abstract Service. More than 500 articles were retrieved until mid-December 2021, to highlight the available evidence about the investigated issues. Results: based on COVID-19 literature data, we have highlighted a few pathophysiological mechanisms, associated with virus-based cation dysmetabolism, multi-organ attack, mitochondria degeneration and ferroptosis. Our suggested elucidated pathological sequence is: a) spike protein subunit S1 docking with sialylated membrane glycoproteins/receptors (ACE2, CD147), and S2 subunit fusion with the lipid layer; b) cell membrane morpho-functional changes due to the consequent electro-chemical variations and viroporin action, which induce an altered ion channel function and intracellular cation accumulation; c) additional intracellular iron concentration due to a deregulated hepcidin-ferroportin axis, with higher hepcidin levels. Viral invasion may also affect erythrocytes/erythroid precursors, endothelial cells and macrophages, through SA and CD147 receptors, with relative hemoglobin and iron/calcium dysmetabolism. AB0 blood group, hemochromatosis, or environmental elements may represent possible factors which affect individual susceptibility to COVID-19. Conclusions: our literature analysis confirms the combined role of SA molecules, ACE2, CD147, viroporins and hepcidin in determining the cation dysmetabolism and final ferroptosis in the cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. The altered ion channels and electrochemical gradients of the cell membrane have a pivotal role in the virus entry and cell dysmetabolism, with subsequent multi-organ immune-inflammatory degeneration and erythrocyte/hemoglobin alterations.

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“…In the past years a number of articles have evidenced in animals and humans the possible role of EMF on the dysfunctional pathways of VGCC, on peroxynitrite formation, oxidative stress and on other biochemical pathways at the root of cation dysmetabolism. [310][311][312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320] Additionally, in the last decades scientific literature has documented the influence of EMF on viral activity, erythrocyte/ viroporins metabolism, mitochondria and immunity. [321][322][323][324][325] The possible interaction of 5G technology with human health is being debated as well, raising contrasting speculations and evidence, mostly due to the limited knowledge about this relatively new EMF typology.…”

Section: G) Hemoglobin Hemementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis

Cavezzi

¹

,

Menicagli

²

,

Troiani

³

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: iron and calcium dysmetabolism, with hyperferritinemia, hypoferremia, hypocalcemia and anemia have been documented in the majority of COVID-19 patients at later/worse stages. Furthermore, complementary to ACE2, both sialic acid (SA) molecules and CD147 proved relevant host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, which explains the viral attack to multiple types of cells, including erythrocytes, endothelium and neural tissue. Several authors advocated that cell ferroptosis may be the core and final cell degenerative mechanism. Methods: a literature research was performed in several scientific search engines, such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Chemical Abstract Service. More than 500 articles were retrieved until mid-December 2021, to highlight the available evidence about the investigated issues. Results: based on COVID-19 literature data, we have highlighted a few pathophysiological mechanisms, associated with virus-based cation dysmetabolism, multi-organ attack, mitochondria degeneration and ferroptosis. Our suggested elucidated pathological sequence is: a) spike protein subunit S1 docking with sialylated membrane glycoproteins/receptors (ACE2, CD147), and S2 subunit fusion with the lipid layer; b) cell membrane morpho-functional changes due to the consequent electro-chemical variations and viroporin action, which induce an altered ion channel function and intracellular cation accumulation; c) additional intracellular iron concentration due to a deregulated hepcidin-ferroportin axis, with higher hepcidin levels. Viral invasion may also affect erythrocytes/erythroid precursors, endothelial cells and macrophages, through SA and CD147 receptors, with relative hemoglobin and iron/calcium dysmetabolism. AB0 blood group, hemochromatosis, or environmental elements may represent possible factors which affect individual susceptibility to COVID-19. Conclusions: our literature analysis confirms the combined role of SA molecules, ACE2, CD147, viroporins and hepcidin in determining the cation dysmetabolism and final ferroptosis in the cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. The altered ion channels and electrochemical gradients of the cell membrane have a pivotal role in the virus entry and cell dysmetabolism, with subsequent multi-organ immune-inflammatory degeneration and erythrocyte/hemoglobin alterations.

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“…Thus we welcome the report on the effect of its electromagnetic radiation on serum iron parameters in rats. 23 The section ends with a paper on in vitro investigation of clofazimine analogues for antiplasmodial, cytotoxic and pro-oxidative activities. 24 Have you ever heard of quorum sensing in microbiology?…”

Section: 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Grappling with mother, newborn and child health (MNCH) issues in a continentbeset by non-communicable and infecious diseases

Tumwine¹

2017

Afr H. Sci.

0

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Evaluation of the mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on serum iron parameters in rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis

COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis

COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis

Editorial: Grappling with mother, newborn and child health (MNCH) issues in a continentbeset by non-communicable and infecious diseases

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