Evaluation of the National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in Singapore

Abstract

RESUlTS Nationally, there was a greater decline in the age-standardised incidence and mortality rates in the period Among women aged 25-69 years who had their first Pap smear screening and who were recommended for routine rescreen in three years, 10% had a subsequent rescreen within three years. Overall, the CSS programme was able to detect 0.37 invasive cancers per 1,000 screens in women aged 25-69 years. CONClUSIONThe CSS programme has contributed to a decline in the mortality and incidence of cervical cancer in Singapore. However, the challenges of increasing the screening uptake among eligible women need to be addressed.

Incidence, Trends and Ethnic Differences of Oropharyngeal, Anal and Cervical Cancers: Singapore, 1968-2012

“…[ 40 , 43 ] Health surveys conducted in 2008 and 2010 found that Malay women had a higher rate of loss to re-screen, followed by Indian and then Chinese women, which may explain why ICC rates have decreased the least in Malay women. [ 41 , 43 ] However, it is unclear why Chinese women remain at higher risk of ICC, as compared to Malay and Indian women in Singapore. In the future, increasing Pap screening coverage and timely re-screens may reduce ICC rates further.…”

“…In the future, increasing Pap screening coverage and timely re-screens may reduce ICC rates further. [ 41 ] HPV vaccines are licensed for use in Singapore, but must be covered by out-of-pocket expenses, or Medisave, a compulsory health savings scheme where individuals put aside part of their income to pay future medical expenses for themselves or dependents. [ 40 , 44 ] Implementation of a national HPV vaccination program or provision of subsidies for low-income individuals could also contribute to future declines in incidence of ICC, and other HPV-associated cancers.…”

Factores asociados al incumplimiento del despistaje oportuno con papanicolaou en la detección temprana del cáncer de cérvix en un centro poblado rural

“…En el presente estudio encontramos que más de la mitad de las entrevistadas incumplía con realizarse el PAP de forma oportuna, proporción que resulta elevada si la comparamos con el 10% encontrado en un estudio realizado en Singapur [15] . Esto podría deberse a deficiencias en el desarrollo de actividades de la estrategia sanitaria de salud sexual reproductiva realizada por el centro de salud.…”

Cost-effectiveness of two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in Singapore

“…(7,8) In addition, cervical screening to detect pre-malignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions may allow early treatment by ablation or excision before the malignant state. (9,10) It may therefore be possible to alleviate the majority of cervical cancer burden through a combination of vaccination and screening programmes. (7)(8)(9) A national cervical cancer screening programme has been available in Singapore since 2004, recommending eligible women to undergo Pap smear tests once every three years.…”

“…(9, 10) Cost of screening (SGD [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] is paid out of pocket, except for low-income citizens aged above 40 years, who have been fully subsidised since 2014. (11) Opportunistic screening is sometimes also provided for free through charitable organisations.…”