Evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) antivenom against Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1928) venom (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Khamechian

et al. 2020

IJT

Background: Aggressive behaviors in human and experimental animals have previously been described following induced pain. Aggression in rodents has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors, such as pain. A major complication of scorpion envenomation is severe pain in animals and humans. Considering that envenomation by black scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda) induces severe pain, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the venom on inducing aggressive behaviors in rats due to the pain from stinging. Methods: Rats in the control (n=20) and experimental groups (n=20) were injected with 0.5ml physiological serum or 1µg/ml of black scorpion venom dissolved in 0.5ml physiological serum, respectively, in the dorsal vein near the tail. Changes in behaviors were monitored photographically among the rats in both groups. Results: Following the injection of the scorpion venom, considerable agitation and fights occurred among the experimental rats, presumably due to the severe pain induced by the venom. However, there was no such abnormal behavior observed in the control rats and in the experimental rats before the venom injection. Conclusion: The induced pain post envenomation in rats caused violent changes in their behaviors, which were highly likely associated with the venom injection.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequency distribution of the behaviors and clinical manifestations found in the albino rats following the injection of black scorpion venom scorpion Buthus martensi venom. They attributed the painrelated behaviors in rats to the activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Behavioral and Clinical Effects of Black Scorpion Venom in Albino Rats

Khamechian

et al. 2020

IJT

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine

“…6,9,10 The study in the murine model suggest that an equine antivenom against A. crassicauda may be effective at least against L. quinquestriatus , a closely related congener of L. abdullahbayrami . 11 Scorpion antivenom should be administered as soon as possible in patients with systemic findings. Scorpion antivenom sometimes appears to be applied to the intramuscular or sting site as a misapplication, but in this case, an inadequate response to the scorpion venom can be emerged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levosimendan treatment in a child with treatment-resistant left ventricular systolic dysfunction after scorpion sting

Yöntem

Yildizdaş

Horoz

et al. 2019

Background: Scorpion stings are common in countries dominated by rural and coastal settlements with temperate climate. Scorpion stings are usually harmless and can be seen in local findings, but in some cases, systemic, neurotoxic, and cardiotoxic findings can be seen. Case report: A 3 year 7 month old girl was referred to pediatric emergency care 2 h after yellow scorpion (species of Leiurus abdullahbayrami) sting. In our case, cardiac function insufficiently progressed in spite of the standard inotropic and milrinone treatment. On the third day of hospitalization, levosimendan was initiated with good clinical effect. Conclusion: In the literature, the use of levosimendan in pediatric patients has been limited to those with low cardiac output syndrome after cardiovascular surgery. The use of levosimendan in children with scorpion sting has been previously reported only in Banille et al.’s study. Scorpion antivenom should be administered intravenously as soon as possible in cases of systemic findings that develop after scorpion stings. This report suggests that levosimendan is temporally associated with improvement in patients who have severe cardiac dysfunction due to scorpion sting and refractory to current treatment.

“…The best result occurs when antivenom is administered as early as possible especially at Grade III and IV. There are many arguments about whether specific or polyvalent antivenom is the best approach [7,8]. Because the clinical manifestations and severity of the symptoms vary among patients, individualized management of scorpion stings is the best approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion sting during pregnancy: A case report accompanied by literature

Kamalak¹,

Köşüş²

2013

CMJ

Envenomation is an unusual event in developed countries. Rural population who lives in arid climate is incur this danger. Scorpion sting is one of the envenomation. It is a major public health problem in many underdeveloped tropical countries. In Turkey, epidemiological studies have shown that most scorpion stings affect females. The highest incidence of scorpion stings was recorded for the warmest months of the year since scorpions become more active in the warm season. Diagnosis is obvious from the history. Also pain, erythema, induration, and wheal may be present at the sting point. In pregnancy envenoming is more dangerous but scorpion envenoming is less studied during gestation; however, it may induce various biological disturbances in maternal organism and on their fetuses. In this article the aim is bring on a subject for discussion on a case report. Keywords: Scorpion envenomation, pregnancy ÖzetEnvenomizasyon yani yılan veya akrep gibi zehirli sürüngen ve haşerelerle sokularak zehirlenme kurak iklimin hakim olduğu kırsal bölge halkı için ciddi bir risktir. Türkiye'de yapılan epidemiyolojik çalışmalar bu durumdan özellikle dişilerin etkilendiğine işaret etmektedir. Tanı ise anamneze bağlı olup ağrı, eritem, endurasyon ve belki haşerenin sokma noktasının görülmesine bağlıdır. Gebelikte envenomizasyon ise çok daha riskli olmasına rağmen üzerinde oldukça az çalışılmış bir konudur oysa ki hem maternal ve hem de fetal riskler söz konusudur. Biz bu yazımızda bir vakamızı literatür eşliğinde tartışmak istedik.