Evaluation of the Newborn Infant—second Report

Apgar, Virginia; Holaday, Duncan A.; James, L. Stanley; Weisbrot, I.M.; Berrien, Cornelia

doi:10.1097/00006254-195904000-00018

Cited by 54 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Immediately after birth, and if pulmonary Ventilation Starts normally, neonatal heart rate rises significantly during the first minutes of life, and then falls gradually until it becomes stabilized at values similar to those of fetal heart rate [4,5,6,11,15]. In the present study the results obtained in vigorous and mildly depressed newborns [l, 2,3,13] by the continuous recording of fetal heart rate during labor and of neonatal heart rate during 90 minutes after birth, are presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 47%

Heart rate in fetuses and neonates in normal conditions and with mild depression

Bustos¹,

Bejar²,

Arroyave³

et al. 1975

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 47%

Heart rate in fetuses and neonates in normal conditions and with mild depression

Bustos¹,

Bejar²,

Arroyave³

et al. 1975

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It is now hard to appreciate the benign neglect that occurred in most delivery rooms in the world until the late 1950s. Earlier, Virginia Apgar had reported her scoring system and in 1958 (56) proposed that someone other than the delivering obstetrician or midwife should concern him-or herself with the infant or infants. She suggested that the infant should be evaluated using five parameters-heart rate, respiration, reflex activity, tone, and colorwithin the first minute, and, if necessary, intervention to improve the situation should occur before reevaluation of the infant at 5 min (56).…”

Section: Respiratory Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier, Virginia Apgar had reported her scoring system and in 1958 (56) proposed that someone other than the delivering obstetrician or midwife should concern him-or herself with the infant or infants. She suggested that the infant should be evaluated using five parameters-heart rate, respiration, reflex activity, tone, and colorwithin the first minute, and, if necessary, intervention to improve the situation should occur before reevaluation of the infant at 5 min (56). Although the method has occasionally been questioned, it remains a very valuable tool in neonatal assessment around the world (57).…”

Section: Respiratory Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Neonatology

Philip

2005

Pediatr Res

544

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1960, the terms "neonatology" and "neonatologist" were introduced. Thereafter, an increasing number of pediatricians devoted themselves to full-time neonatology. In 1975, the first examination of the Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine of the American Board of Pediatrics and the first meeting of the Perinatal Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics were held. One of the most important factors that improved the care of the neonate was the miniaturization of blood samples needed to determine blood gases, serum electrolytes, glucose, calcium, bilirubin, and other biochemical measurements. Another factor was the ability to provide nutrition intravenously, and the third was the maintenance of normal body temperature. The management of respiratory distress syndrome improved with i.v. glucose and correction of metabolic acidosis, followed by assisted ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, antenatal corticosteroid administration, and the introduction of exogenous surfactant. Pharmacologic manipulation of the ductus arteriosus, support of blood pressure, echocardiography, and changes in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension, including the use of nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, all have influenced the cardiopulmonary management of the neonate. Regionalization of neonatal care; changes in parent-infant interaction; and technological changes such as phototherapy, oxygen saturation monitors, and brain imaging techniques are among the important advances reviewed in this report. Most remarkable, a 1-kg infant who was born in 1960 had a mortality risk of 95% but had a 95% probability of survival by 2000. However, errors in neonatology are acknowledged, and potential directions for the future are explored. Abbreviations AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ELBW, extremely low birth weight HMD, hyaline membrane disease iNO, inhaled nitric oxide IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage L/S, ratio of lecithin, phosphatidyl choline, to sphingomyelin NICU, neonatal intensive care unit PDA, patent ductus arteriosus PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn PVH, periventricular hemorrhage RDS, respiratory distress syndrome ROP, retinopathy of prematurity SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome VLBW, very low birth weight VON, Vermont-Oxford Network "There is need for specialization in neonatal medicine. This applies to doctors and nurses as well as teaching and construction of hospitals. The specialist in neonatal diseases and the nurse intensively trained and expert in the management of delicate newborns will be commonplace ere long." J.W. Ballantyne, 1923 (1) "In previous times the problems of the newborn child have been the province of the obstetrician, a field in which he has taken comparatively little interest and to which he has contributed little. As pediatricians we have but s...

show abstract

“…At the time of testing for lateral differentiation, all of the infants were in good condition as determined by physical examination, and none was of special clinical concern. On the basis of their condition at birth, as assessed by Apgar ratings [1,2] assigned within one minute after birth, the infants were divided into three groups: a High Apgar Group (scores of 9-10); an Intermediate Apgar Group (scores of 7-8); and a Low Apgar Group (scores of 1-6). The distributions of subjects by Apgar score and sex are presented in table I.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation Between Birth Condition and Neuro-Behavioral Organization in the Neonate

1968

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuro-behavioral organization of three groups of infants who differed in their condition at birth as determined by their Apgar score was examined during the first week of life. At the time of testing, all infants, regardless of birth status, were in good condition according to clinical evaluation. Testing consisted of the presentation of 30 lateralized somesthetic stimuli to the perioral region of each infant (15 to each side). The response measure used was the lateral direction of the first head turn. As a group, normal infants (Apgar scores of 9-10) were found to be more responsive to stimulation of the right than of the left, and to make more ipsilateral responses to stimulation of the right than of the left. Infants whose condition at birth was poor (Apgar scores 1-6) did not show these patterns of response but were equally likely to be preponderantly responsive to stimulation at either side. The degree of lateral differentiation was atypically small even for those infants of poor birth status who exhibited the typical direction of differentiation, i. e., who made more ipsilateral responses to stimulation of the right than of the left. Furthermore, the proportion of infants of poor birth status who made any contralateral responses was higher than the proportion of normal infants who made such responses. Results from a group of infants whose condition at birth was questionable (Apgar scores 7-8) fell between those from the extreme groups with respect to all of the analyses. SpeculationPoor condition at birth has persistent effects on behavioral organization even in babies who, in clinical judgment, have recovered normal functioning. To the extent that early behavioral organization may be relevant to the subsequent development of lateral differentiation, these effects could be related to the association between a variety of disabilities and disturbances in lateral differentiation which has been found in older children and adults.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Newborn Infant—second Report

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Heart rate in fetuses and neonates in normal conditions and with mild depression

Heart rate in fetuses and neonates in normal conditions and with mild depression

The Evolution of Neonatology

Relation Between Birth Condition and Neuro-Behavioral Organization in the Neonate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About