Evaluation of the Occurrence of Turfgrasses and Weeds after Repeated Overseeding on Fairways

Jensen, Anne; Bühler, Oliver; Kvalbein, Agnar; Aamlid, Trygve

doi:10.2134/itsrj2016.10.0837

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Proper species selection for overseeding purposes is also crucial. Perennial ryegrass showed good germination rates regardless of whether or not water and fertilizer were applied (Dahl‐Jensen, Bühler, Kvalbein, & Aamlid, 2017; Elford, Tardif, Robinson, & Lyons, 2008). Additionally, perennial ryegrass germinates quickly and has good root and shoot competition against weeds (Haugland & Froud‐Williams, 1999).…”

Section: Seeding and Overseeding Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing cool‐season turfgrass without herbicides: Optimizing maintenance practices to control weeds

Hahn¹,

Sallenave

Pornaro

et al. 2020

Crop Science

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Bans on the use of synthetic herbicides require innovative management approaches to maintain the attractiveness and usability of turfgrass swards. Such measures should include the use of locally adapted cultivars that germinate and establish quickly, resulting in the densest possible stands. Additionally, a number of turfgrasses have been reported to produce allelopathic substances that inhibit common turfgrass weeds. Mowing heights should be set to achieve maximum weed suppression while still providing acceptable quality for desired use. Sustainable turfgrass management programs have led to a reduction in fertilizer inputs; however, without the availability of herbicides, fertilization regimes need to be re‐examined. The literature suggests that broadleaf weeds are reduced but never fully controlled when more N is applied; therefore, finding a balance between what is needed and what is environmentally safe and sustainable is critical. Organic herbicides include plant pathogens from the fungus Phoma and strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Both can be used to control several weeds common to turfgrasses. Acetic acid has also been shown to have herbicidal activity; however, it has limited residual activity, and its efficacy remains questionable on mature weeds. Thermal weed control can be used to sterilize a seedbank or spot treat existing weeds. Future turfgrass breeding programs could focus on understanding and enhancing the allelopathic potential of turfgrasses to outcompete weeds more effectively. Furthermore, more research should be directed at assessing the competitiveness of certain turfgrasses against weeds within the limitations of producing turfgrass areas of acceptable aesthetics and playing quality.

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Section: Seeding and Overseeding Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing cool‐season turfgrass without herbicides: Optimizing maintenance practices to control weeds

Hahn¹,

Sallenave

Pornaro

et al. 2020

Crop Science

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“…acid) (Marth and Mitchell 1944), herbicides have become the main tool used by managers to control weeds in turfgrass (Dahl Jensen et al 2017;Hatcher and Froud-Williams ;Heap 2014;McElroy and Martins 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of broadleaf weeds in turfgrass using close-range multispectral imagery with pixel- and object-based classification

Hahn

Roosjen

Morales

et al. 2021

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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The current practice used to evaluate broadleaf weed cover in turfgrass is visual assessment, which is time consuming and often leads to inconsistencies among evaluators. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of constructing Random Forest models (RF), either pixel-, object-based (OBIA) or a combination of both to detect and quantify broadleaf weed cover. High resolution multispectral images were captured of 136 turfgrass plots, seeded with five species of Festuca L. and overseeded with either clover (Trifolium repens L.), daisy (Bellis perennis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), or a mixture of all three weeds. Ground measurements of vegetation cover and bare soil were taken with a point quadrat and digital image analysis. Weeds were detected with 99% accuracy by OBIA, followed by the combined approach (98%) and Pixelbased approach (93%). Accuracy at distinguishing among weed species was somewhat lower (89%, 81% and 90%, respectively), with yarrow contributing most to the decrease in accuracy. The predictions based on ground measurements were further compared to field measurements. For both soil and weed classification, models that used shape features (OBIA and combined) resulted in better agreement with field measurements compared to Pixelbased classifications. Our study suggests that broadleaf weed cover comprised of species such as clover and daisy can be accurately quantified with high resolution multispectral images; however, quantifying yarrow cover remains challenging.

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“…More than a decade of trials in Europe and North America have shown that overseeding can be an effective weed suppression strategy. Overseeding with Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) has been found to be effective for increasing turfgrass cover and, in some instances, decreasing weed pressure (Dahl Jensen et al, 2017;Miller and Henderson, 2012), especially for outcompeting Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass) (Aamlid et al, 2012). Overseeding ranges in effectiveness depending on the application frequency, rate, location, and climate conditions (Aamlid et al, HORTSCIENCE • https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15419-20 2012; Elford et al, 2008;Larsen et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Overseeding for Ecological Management of Grass Playing Fields

Gannett¹,

Bray²,

Lampman³

et al. 2021

horts

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Because of public concern about exposing children to pesticides, legislation restricting its use on school playing fields has increased. One way to manage weeds without chemical herbicides is overseeding or the practice of repetitively seeding with a rapidly germinating turfgrass species. Overseeding for broadleaf weed control was tested on eight fields in Central New York (CNY) for three seasons and 40 fields across the northeastern United States for two seasons. Half of each field was treated each season by overseeding Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) three to five times each season for a total of 731 kg seed/ha (15 lb per 1000 ft2). Changes in the percent broadleaf weeds, grass, bare ground, soil moisture, Dark Green Color Index (DGCI) of grass cover, depth to soil compaction, and shear strength were measured after each treatment. The percent broadleaf weeds decreased and the percent grass cover increased due to overseeding in the Northeast fields, but not in CNY fields. Depth to compaction, percent soil moisture, and shear strength varied over time in the Northeast fields, and the percent bare ground, DGCI, and soil moisture varied over time in CNY fields. DGCI in the Northeast and soil compaction in CNY were affected by the interaction of overseeding × time. Although overseeding can be a beneficial weed management tool and affect other turf and soil traits in an integrated turf management program, monitoring environmental conditions and supporting field maintenance routines are critical weed management strategies for maintaining healthy turfgrass.

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Evaluation of the Occurrence of Turfgrasses and Weeds after Repeated Overseeding on Fairways

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Managing cool‐season turfgrass without herbicides: Optimizing maintenance practices to control weeds

Managing cool‐season turfgrass without herbicides: Optimizing maintenance practices to control weeds

Detection and quantification of broadleaf weeds in turfgrass using close-range multispectral imagery with pixel- and object-based classification

Repetitive Overseeding for Ecological Management of Grass Playing Fields

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