Evaluation of the Orbital Floor in Zygoma Fractures

Feasibility of 4-Point Fixation Using the Preauricular Approach in a Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture

“…11 In addition to the abnormality of the facial appearance, enophthalmos, diplopia due to entrapment of the orbital tissue, movement disorder of the extraocular muscle, numbness, and pain due to the trauma of the infraorbital nerve may occur. 20,21 Two-point fixation on the frontozygomatic suture line and the inferior orbital rim has been conventionally performed to reduce fractures. Aesthetic problems may occur, however, because of postoperative asymmetry.…”

“…22 Although the aesthetic complications have been significantly reduced after 3-point fixation, rotation of the fractured bone due to the strong transmasseteric force applied posteroinferiorly has been reported. 16,21 In addition, if malunion occurs, changes in the eye position and disorder of the mandibular movement may occur aside from aesthetic problems. 2,3 Accordingly, Stanley 14 emphasized the importance of the zygomatic arch as the fourth fixation point.…”