Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential of Cervid Adenovirus in Calves

Woods, Leslie W.; Lehmkuhl, Howard D.; Hobbs, Lea Ann; Parker, Jackie; Manzer, M.

doi:10.1177/104063870802000106

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The divergence of greater than 15 % for the hexon and penton base proteins, and greater than 30 % for the polymerase protein, of OdAdV-1 compared to other genus members indicates this is a new species within the genus. This is supported by challenge studies where cross-infection of bovine adenoviruses and OdAdV-1 failed to produce infections in the opposite host [ 33 ]. The nearly identical isolates recovered from multiple related host species within the family Cervidae suggests that the species name should be Cervid atadenovirus A, and that the type name should be cervid adenovirus 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus

Miller

Cornish

Creekmore

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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We present the first complete genome sequence of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus 1 (OdAdV-1). This virus can cause sporadic haemorrhagic disease in cervids, although epizootics with high mortality have occurred in California. OdAdV-1 has been placed in the genus Atadenovirus, based on partial hexon, pVIII and fibre genes. Ten field isolates recovered from naturally infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) and moose (Alces alces) from Wyoming, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from California, and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from Colorado and Washington state were sequenced. The genome lengths ranged from 30 620 to 30 699 bp, contained the predicted proteins and gene organization typical of members of genus Atadenovirus, and had a high percentage of A/T nucleotides (66.7 %). Phylogenic analysis found that the closest ancestry was with ruminant atadenoviruses, while a divergence of the hexon, polymerase and penton base proteins of more than 15 % supports classification as a new species. Genetic global comparison between the 10 isolates found an overall 99 % identity, but greater divergence was found between those recovered from moose and elk as compared to deer, and a single variable region contained most of these differences. Our findings demonstrate that OdAdV-1 is highly conserved between 10 isolates recovered from multiple related cervid species, but genotypic differences, largely localized to a variable region, define two strains. We propose that the virus type name be changed to cervid adenovirus 1, with the species name Cervid atadenovirus A. Sequence data were used to develop molecular assays for improved detection and genotyping.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus

Miller

Cornish

Creekmore

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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“…on multiple endemic cervid hosts, we propose a new, general name and acronym to cover the condition, without regard to louse or host species involved, that is, exotic pediculosis of deer (EPOD). The future health of western American deer herds seems to be increasingly tied to the prevalence of EPOD, although we are aware that the near simultaneous rise and spread of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease of deer in the same region (Woods et al 2008) may complicate analysis of this situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bovicola tibialis(Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae): Occurrence of an Exotic Chewing Louse on Cervids in North America: Table 1.

Mertins¹,

Mortenson²,

Bernatowicz³

et al. 2011

J Med Entomol

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Through a recent (2003-2007) survey of ectoparasites on hoofed mammals in western North America, a literature review, and examination of archived museum specimens, we found that the exotic deer-chewing louse, Bovicola tibialis (Piaget), is a long-term, widespread resident in the region. The earliest known collection was from Salt Spring Island, Canada, in 1941. We found these lice on the typical host, that is, introduced European fallow deer (Dama dama L.), and on Asian chital (Axis axis [Erxleben] ), native Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus [Richardson] ), and Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. h. hemionus [Rafinesque]) x black-tailed deer hybrids. Chital and the hybrid deer are new host records. All identified hosts were known to be or probably were exposed to fallow deer. Geographic records include southwestern British Columbia, Canada; Marin and Mendocino Counties, California; Deschutes, Lincoln, and Linn Counties, Oregon; Yakima and Kittitas Counties, Washington; Curry County, New Mexico; and circumstantially, at least, Kerr County, Texas. All but the Canadian and Mendocino County records are new. Bovicola tibialis displays a number of noteworthy similarities to another exotic deer-chewing louse already established in the region, that is, Damalinia (Cervicola) sp., which is associated with a severe hair-loss syndrome in black-tailed deer. We discuss longstanding problems with proper identification of B. tibialis, the probability that it occurs even more widely in the United States, and the prospects for it to cause health problems for North American deer. Additional information gathered since our active survey establishes further new distribution and host records for B. tibialis.

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“…DAdV was isolated in fetal WTD lung (FOdvL) cells from lung homogenates of a deer that died of natural infection (California strain D94-2569) 9 as described previously, and used as viral inoculum. 13 The stock virus contained 10 4.8 TCID 50 DAdV per mL. 8 At 3-4 wk of age, 7 of the colostrum-deprived lambs (1-7) were each inoculated with 2 mL of DAdV (10 4.8 TCID 50 per mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in each of 4 sites (mucosal membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, and trachea) and housed together in an isolated indoor room at SAREC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed on lungs, tonsil, retropharyngeal lymph node, and nasal turbinate tissues from all lambs and deer using rabbit polyclonal antibody to DAdV (H Lehmkuhl, NADC; California 1994 DAdV) as described previously. 13 Formalin-fixed lung sections from a deer infected with DAdV in a previous study 11 were used as positive controls; a universal negative rabbit control (Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA) was used as a negative control.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resistance of colostrum-deprived domestic lambs to infection with deer adenovirus

2018

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Brief Communication A newly recognized deer adenovirus (DAdV; species Deer atadenovirus A, genus Atadenovirus, family Adenoviridae) was the cause of an outbreak of hemorrhagic disease that caused high mortality in mule deer in California during 1993 and 1994 9 and has since been frequently detected as a cause of hemorrhagic disease in mule deer in the western United States 14 (20100821.2923 ProMED-mail post, https://www .promedmail.org/post/20100821.2923). Sporadic disease has been diagnosed in white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and/or moose in Iowa, Colorado, Wyoming, and Canada. 4,5,7 Pulmonary edema, intestinal hemorrhage, and/or ulceration in the upper alimentary tract associated with vasculitis are manifestations of adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD). The disease was successfully reproduced experimentally in black-tailed deer (BTD; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) fawns and yearlings as well as in WTD fawns. 10,11,12 DAdV is most closely related phylogenetically to bovine adenovirus 7 (BAdV-7), goat adenovirus 1 (GAdV-1), and ovine adenovirus 7 (OAdV-7), 3,15 which raises the question of whether domestic livestock are susceptible to infection with DAdV. A 2008 study determined that bovine calves do not develop clinical disease or become infected with DAdV, 13 but no studies have been performed in ovine species. Livestock mix with deer in California and are moved around the state and could move DAdV to regions of uninfected susceptible deer. We designed a study to determine if colostrum-deprived lambs can be infected with DAdV, if they develop clinical disease or asymptomatic infection, and if virus can replicate in and be shed by lambs. Nine newborn Rambouillet-Hampshire lambs were obtained from the Sheep Unit at the University of Wyoming's Livestock Center (Laramie, WY) prior to receiving colostrum. For the first 3 wk, the lambs were raised in an isolated room and bottle-fed with milk replacer (Super Lamb instant milk replacer, Merricks, Middleton, WI). At 3 wk of age, lambs were transported to the James C. Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SAREC; Animal Biosafety Level 1 [ABSL-1]) near Lingle, WY. Lambs were bottle-fed twice daily with milk replacer for the remainder of the study and provided with 4-way grain mix (Ranch-Way Feeds, Fort Collins, CO). All lambs were vaccinated with 2 mL of Clostridium perfringens types C & D and tetanus antitoxin (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, St. Joseph, MO) 3 d post-inoculation (dpi) with DAdV. Four yearling WTD that served as the positive control animals were raised from neonates in an outdoor pen at the Wyoming Game and Fish-Tom Thorne/Beth Williams Wildlife Research Center at Sybille (ABSL-1). When the deer were yearlings, they were moved to a covered outdoor pen at the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory (WSVL; Laramie, WY; ABSL-1). Animals were fed natural forage at the research center and then alfalfa hay and alfalfa pellets ad libitum once moved to WSVL.

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Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential of Cervid Adenovirus in Calves

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus

Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus

Bovicola tibialis(Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae): Occurrence of an Exotic Chewing Louse on Cervids in North America: Table 1.

Resistance of colostrum-deprived domestic lambs to infection with deer adenovirus

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