2021
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254497
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Evaluation of the paw withdrawal latency for the comparison between tramadol and butorphanol administered locally, in the plantar surface of rat, preliminary study

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of tramadol compared to butorphanol administered locally in ventral surface of the hind paw of rats. Prospective, randomized experimental study; twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were selected. Heart rate (beats minute-1), respiratory rate (breaths minute-1), and paw withdrawal latency (onset of radiant heat until paw withdrawal/seconds) were measured prior (T0) and after (T5, T10, T15, T20) intraplantar injection with saline solution 0,9% (group S), … Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Umbilical surgery can be successfully performed in swine with deep sedation and local or general anesthesia. The method chosen depends mainly on the operator’s preference, considering the size and temperament of the animal and the difficulty expected for the intervention [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Umbilical surgery can be successfully performed in swine with deep sedation and local or general anesthesia. The method chosen depends mainly on the operator’s preference, considering the size and temperament of the animal and the difficulty expected for the intervention [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After sedation, we measured and recorded the heart rate, non-invasive systolic pressure and hemoglobin saturation, using a multi-parametric monitor (AMI Italia srl, Leonardo model, Milan, Italy) and carrying out the count of thoracic excursions in one minute for respiratory rate [ 40 , 41 ]. A 20% increase in the heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic pressure variables compared to the values recorded after sedation, involved the administration of the rescue analgesic represented by boluses of Lidocaine 2% infiltrated in the surgical plans or administered via intraperitoneal splash [ 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In the case of emergence from anesthesia, the administration of half the initial bolus of Tiletamine zolazepam (Zoletil 100, Virbac, Carros, France) and Romifidine hydrochloride (Sedivet 1%, Boeringher Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) was provided.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One approach to provide more comprehensive analgesia in future cases would be the combination of analgesic drugs, for example opioids, with local anaesthetic drugs, which may reduce the total volume used, enhance the quality of the nerve block and prolong analgesia post-operatively. [30][31][32] However, there is limited quality evidence of the clinical benefit of the addition of opioids to peripheral nerve blocks in dogs, with one study failing to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the duration of minimum alveolar concentration reduction when buprenorphine-bupivacaine versus bupivacaine were used for infraorbital nerve block. 33 Although theoretically beneficial, further prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate the benefits such combinations may allow.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A numerical cumulative pain scale (CPS), modified from previous studies [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], was performed by assigning a score on percentage variations of heart rate (HR, beats min −1 ) and systolic pressure (SAP mmHg) compared with basal values [ 20 ], according to the following procedure: (time point value − basal value/basal value) × 100 = % change. The score for both variables was then determined based on the following criteria:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%