Evaluation of the Performance Properties of the Influenza Patient-Reported Outcomes Instrument (Flu-Pro)

Abstract

Additionally, high epidemiologic risk status was associated with age at sexual debut, weak family function (living alone, having a loose bond with their biological father), loose connection in schools and to their neighborhoods (having difficulty getting along with teachers, and having fewer social interactions), and having more sexually active friends (who contracted sexually transmitted diseases, and frequently using condoms). ConClusions: The disparity noted between self-perceived and epidemiological risks for contracting HIV in our study underscore the need for effective HIV educational programs targeting young AA and their parents. The implication of ecosystemic processes at different levels within the risk statusparticularly family and school functioning, and parental social support indicate that ecodevelopmentally-based interventions may be valuable in preventing the risk of HIV transmission among AA adolescents.

Evaluation of Preexisting Anti-Hemagglutinin Stalk Antibody as a Correlate of Protection in a Healthy Volunteer Challenge with Influenza A/H1N1pdm Virus

“…This clinical study and the primary results were described in detail in a previous report ( 10 ). In this study, multiple clinical endpoints were measured including the presence or absence of mild to moderate influenza disease (MMID) defined as a positive molecular clinical test for influenza plus symptoms, symptom severity based on the inFLUenza patient-reported outcome (FLU-PRO) symptom assessment tool ( 17 , 18 ), presence or absence of symptoms or shedding alone, duration of symptoms, and duration of shedding. This study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01971255 ) was approved by the NIAID Institutional Review Board and was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines.…”

The 2019-nCoV coronavirus: Are there two routes to infection?

“…Moreover, transmission with stool is also a neglected risk for SARS [21]. During the infection of SARS and highly pathogenic strains of influenza, their enteric symptoms are associated with the increased permeability to intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial transmigration through gastrointestinal wall [22,23]. However, the mechanism of 2019-nCov-induced enteric symptom is still unknown.…”

Performance of the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) diary in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI)

“…Data from the prospective, observational FLU-PRO development study conducted with informed consent, under the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases institutional review board approval, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, were used in these analyses. Methods and results of the primary analyses in those with laboratory-confirmed influenza are reported elsewhere [ 10 ].…”

“…All study participants were tested for influenza using rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs), including polymerase chain reaction, rapid antigen test, and/or viral culture by nasal or nasopharyngeal swab. The performance of the FLU-PRO in those testing positive are presented elsewhere [ 10 ]. Data from subjects testing negative for the influenza virus were included in the current analysis.…”

“…Additionally, the CARIFS was developed for use in children, while the FLU-PRO was developed for studies of adults and children, with content validity shown in both groups [ 9 ]. Previous research demonstrated that the FLU-PRO is reliable, valid, and responsive to change in hospitalized and non-hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza [ 10 ]. The purpose of these analyses was to test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of FLU-PRO scores in patients with influenza symptoms and testing negative for the influenza virus.…”