Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro

Am, Beer; Junginger, Hans E.; Lukanov, J; Sagorchev, P.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00706-8

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Peat-based humic substance enhanced the proliferation of murine thymocytes stimulated by mitogens and prevented the immuno-suppressive effect of hydrocortisone [13]. Empirical evidence is currently accumulating that humic substances are taken up [1]. Once internalized, these substances can induce biotransformation enzymes and stress defense proteins, such as chaperons or heat shock protein 70 in fish and invertebrates [11,17].…”

Section: Pseudomonas Plecoglossicida and Vibrio Anguillarum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Nakagawa

Iwasaki

Kodama

2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Humic substances are formed during the decomposition of organic matter in humus, and are found in many natural environments in which organic materials and microorganisms have been present. In the present study, oral administration of humus extract to ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) induced effective protection against experimental Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection (cold water disease). Mortality of fish and development of skin lesions, such as erosion and hemorrhages on the skin, gill cover or mouth, were significantly suppressed in fish treated with 10%, 5% or 1% humus extract adsorbed on dry pellets. Although F. psychrophilum was not re-isolated from gills and erosion lesions of the skin of dead fish, bacterial gyrB DNA could be amplified in these specimens from dead fish and surviving control fish using the polymerase chain reaction. The protective effect of the extract was not the results of direct killing of bacteria or antibiotic activity of the extract since no obvious reduction in the bacterial number was observed at 5 times to 5,000 times dilution of the humus extract having pH 5.45 to 7.40. These results clearly show that treating fish with humus extract is effective in preventing cold water disease.

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Section: Pseudomonas Plecoglossicida and Vibrio Anguillarum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Nakagawa

Iwasaki

Kodama

2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The effects of peat and various peat extracts are dependent on the possible permeability of biologically active substances as naturally occurring ingredients of peat (Beer et al, 2003b). Although most beneficial effects are associated with the presence of humic acids, biological activity of natural peat is viewed as being more beneficial compared to isolated humic acids (Banaszkiewicz and Drobnik, 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Peat On Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peat contains a large number of water-soluble components, which have stimulatory effects on the spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle tissue (Beer and Lukanov, 1998;Beer et al, 2000;Zagorchev et al, 2000;Beer et al, 2003b). These are chemically stable substances that are unchanged in aqueous solution and retain their biological activity for months (Beer et al, 2002).…”

Section: Effect On the Contraction Activity Of Smooth Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peat does not provide calories, but has various health benefits. One objection to using peat preparations is the lack of reproducibility in results as peat comes from a non-homogeneous bed (Fuchs et al, 1995;Beer et al, 2003b). The purpose of this review was to compare the advantages and risks associated with the use of peat for animal nutrition based on the literature available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peat as a feed supplement for animals: a literature review

Trčková¹,

Mátlová²,

Hudcová³

et al. 2005

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:Peat is an easily available natural material and a source of biologically active substances widely used, not only in agriculture but in human and animal medicine as well. In recent years, interest in the use of peat as a feed supplement has increased, particularly due to its capability to prevent enteric diseases and to stimulate growth in piglets and pigs. The purpose of this review was to compare the advantages and risks associated with the use of peat for animal nutrition based on the literature available. Beneficial effects of various peat preparations on digestion, growth and the immune systems of animals as well as the absorbent and detoxifying capabilities are associated with the high content of favourable humic substances. One disadvantage of using peat preparations is the considerable diversity of the various types of peat caused by different biological, chemical and geological conditions during formation. Biological activity of various peat preparations is associated not only with fluctuations in the chemical compositions, but also with different application techniques. Based on the existing studies, it is unclear which application technique is most effective for respective animal species. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the problem, with the inclusion of farm animals. One potential risk of peat feeding is the possibility of primary or secondary mycobacterial contamination. As long as feed rations are supplemented with peat preparations, it is essential to minimise the potential contamination risk during mining, processing and storage.

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“…This plays an important role by stimulating digestion, regulating intestinal microflora and limiting the growth of animal pathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (Fuchs et al, 1995;Shermer et al, 1998). A stimulating effect of peat on spontaneous contractility of smooth muscles of the digestive tract was also observed (Beer and Lukanov, 1998;Beer et al, 2000Beer et al, , 2003Zagorchev et al, 2000). Humic acids present in peat cover open nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa causing a reduction in potentially stressful conditions of animals with lesions of the intestinal mucosa (Slavik, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of peat feeding on the performance and health status of fattening pigs and environmentally derived mycobacteria

Trčková¹,

Zralý²,

Mátlová³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of feeding peat as a supplement in the period after weaning on the performance and health status of pigs. Also to assess the risk of the development of tuberculous lesions in the lymph nodes and parenchymatous organs, caused by conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria present in peat. Twenty Large White × Landrace pigs in equal numbers of barrows and gilts (mean live weight 18.0 ± 1.7 kg) were used in the experiment. The experimental group was fed a diet containing commercial underground peat in the dose of 80 g peat/kg dry matter for 30 days. Subsequently, they were fed an identical diet with the control group without peat for 60 days. A short-time feeding peat did not significantly affect the growth and performance of pigs. From day 21, a statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in the consumption of the experimental diet was recorded, however, without a positive effect on the growth of experimental animals. The conversion of the peat containing diet was comparable to the conversion of the control diet. It follows from the results of biochemical analysis of blood that peat feeding for 30 days did not adversely affect the metabolic profile and health status of experimental animals. No tuberculous or tuberculoid lesions in lymph nodes or parenchymatous organs were detected in any of 20 slaughtered animals. Despite that, mycobacteria were isolated from 10 (25.0%) tissues of 5 (50.0%) pigs from the experimental group. One isolate was identified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (IS901– and IS1245+). Seven of nine isolates were determined as conditionally pathogenic atypical mycobacteria: M. fortuitum (n = 2) and M. xenopi (n = 5). It follows from the present results that feeding of a peat supplemented diet to pigs may be considered as economically non-effective and due to the findings of mycobacteria as risky.

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Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro

Cited by 61 publications

References 6 publications

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infection (Cold Water Disease) in Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Oral Administration of Humus Extract

Peat as a feed supplement for animals: a literature review

Effects of peat feeding on the performance and health status of fattening pigs and environmentally derived mycobacteria

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