Evaluation of the potential for sexual reproduction in field populations of Cercospora beticola from USA

Bolton, Melvin D.; Secor, Gary A.; Rivera, Viviana V.; Weiland, John J.; Rudolph, Kurt; Birla, Keshav; Rengifo, Judith; Campbell, L. G.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.01.011

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For example, C. beticola is heterothallic with two alternate forms of the mating-type genes (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) that must be present for mating to occur [54][55][56][57]. Studies conducted in New York table beet fields have depicted equal distributions of the two alternate mating-type alleles, suggesting the presence of cryptic sex in the lifecycle of C. beticola in the region [58,59] similar to the other areas reported above.…”

Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 53%

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The New York table beet industry is expanding and has unique challenges to minimize crop loss in both conventional and organic production. Diseases may reduce plant population density and increase heterogeneity in a stand, reduce the duration of time foliage is healthy, and decrease the yield of marketable roots. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Pythium ultimum Trow are dominant in the pathogen complex affecting crop stand and root health. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus, Cercospora beticola Sacc

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Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning

confidence: 53%

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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“…Importantly, the results of experiment I also identified three isolates from very low, medium, and high EC50 categories that caused similar disease levels on sugar beet. Because C. beticola populations are well known to display considerable variability in disease and other characteristics (2,3,33), the identification of isolates from diverse EC50 categories that caused similar disease allowed us to attribute variation in disease levels in subsequent studies to fungicide treatments and not inherent aggressiveness differences unrelated to fungicide sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides

et al. 2012

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Bolton, M. D., Rivera-Varas, V., del Rio Mendoza, L. E., Khan, M. F. R., and Secor, G. A. 2012. Efficacy of variable tetraconazole rates against Cercospora beticola isolates with differing in vitro sensitivities to DMI fungicides. Plant Dis. 96:1749-1756.Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS management practices include the application of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides tetraconazole, difenoconazole, and prothioconazole. Evaluating resistance to DMIs is a major focus for CLS fungicide resistance management. Isolates were collected in 1997 and 1998 (baseline sensitivity to tetraconazole, prothioconazole, or difenoconazole) and 2007 through 2010 from the major sugar-beet-growing regions of Minnesota and North Dakota and assessed for in vitro sensitivity to two or three DMI fungicides. Most (47%) isolates collected in 1997-98 exhibited 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for tetraconazole of <0.01 (Jg ml"', whereas no isolates could be found in this EC50 range in 2010. Since 2007, annual median and mean tetraconazole EC50 values have generally been increasing, and the frequency of isolates with EC50 values >0.11 lig ml-' increased from 2008 to 2010. In contrast, the frequency of isolates with EC50 values for prothioconazole of >1.0 ng mh' has been decreasing since 2007. Annual median difenoconazole EC50 values appears to be stable, although annual mean EC50 values generally have been increasing for this fungicide. Although EC50 values are important for gauging fungicide sensitivity trends, a rigorous comparison of the relationship between in vitro EC50 values and loss of fungicide efficacy in planta has not been conducted for C. beticola. To explore this, 12 isolates exhibiting a wide range of tetraconazole EC50 values were inoculated to sugar beet but no tetraconazole was applied. No relationship was found between isolate EC50 value and disease severity. To assess whether EC50 values are related to fungicide efficacy in planta, sugar beet plants were sprayed with various dilutions of Eminent, the commercial formulation of tetraconazole, and subsequently inoculated with isolates that exhibited very low, medium, or high tetraconazole EC50 values. The high EC50 isolate caused significantly more disease than isolates with medium or very low EC50 values at the field application rate and most reduced rates. Because in vitro sensitivity testing is typically carried out with the active ingredient of the commercial fungicide, we investigated whether loss of disease control was the same for tetraconazole as for the commercial product Eminent. The high EC50 isolate caused more disease on plants treated with tetraconazole than Eminent but disease severity was not different between plants inoculated with the very low EC50 isolate.Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola (Sacc), is the most important foliar disease of sugar beet {Beta vulgaris L.) in North Dakota and Minnesota (39). The disease causes a reduction in root har...

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“…For mating-type determination, all isolates were initially screened in a multiplex PCR using CercosporaMat1F/R 26 and 356/358 28 primers. Isolates carrying the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 alleles were expected to produce amplicons of 805 and 442 bp, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the lack of a known sexual form, C. beticola is considered to be a heterothallic, ascomycete fungus due to the discovery of two alternate mating-type genes ( MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 ) at equal frequency in parts of Europe 26, 27 . Population genetic studies have also suggested the potential presence of a sexual cycle for C. beticola in sugar beet production areas in North Dakota 28 . In contrast, no evidence for sexual reproduction has been found in other parts of the USA 29 or the Middle East 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of Cercospora beticola populations on Beta vulgaris in New York and Hawaii

Vaghefi

Nelson

Kikkert

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, is a major disease of Beta vulgaris worldwide. No sexual stage is known for C. beticola but in its asexual form it overwinters on infected plant debris as pseudostromata, and travels short distances by rain splash-dispersed conidiospores. Cercospora beticola infects a broad range of host species and may be seedborne. The relative contribution of these inoculum sources to CLS epidemics on table beet is not well understood. Pathogen isolates collected from table beet, Swiss chard and common lambsquarters in mixed-cropping farms and monoculture fields in New York and Hawaii, USA, were genotyped (n = 600) using 12 microsatellite markers. All isolates from CLS symptoms on lambsquarters were identified as C. chenopodii. Sympatric populations of C. beticola derived from Swiss chard and table beet were not genetically differentiated. Results suggested that local (within field) inoculum sources may be responsible for the initiation of CLS epidemics in mixed-cropping farms, whereas external sources of inoculum may be contributing to CLS epidemics in the monoculture fields in New York. New multiplex PCR assays were developed for mating-type determination for C. beticola. Implications of these findings for disease management are discussed.

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Evaluation of the potential for sexual reproduction in field populations of Cercospora beticola from USA

Cited by 47 publications

References 61 publications

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides

Genetic structure of Cercospora beticola populations on Beta vulgaris in New York and Hawaii

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