Evaluation of the public health risk for autochthonous transmission of mosquito‐borne viruses in southern Switzerland

Ravasi, Damiana; Monton, D. Parrondo; Guidi, Valeria; Flacio, Eleonora

doi:10.1111/mve.12421

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Also, insect biting surveys should be included as part of Ae. albopictus surveillance programmes, considering also human landing catches [32]. On the other hand, future control measures in positive sites should follow standardized protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites

Goiri

González

Goikolea

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Aedes albopictus has rapidly expanded throughout Europe, becoming a public health concern in the Mediterranean Basin. (2) Methods: Following the detection of Ae. albopictus in the southwestern French region of Aquitaine in 2012, an entomological surveillance programme was implemented in the Basque Country (Northern Spain) in 2013. (3) Results: Ae. albopictus eggs were first detected in 2014 in a transited parking area in the northeastern sampling point, 22 km away from the nearest French site with recorded presence of tiger mosquito. At this site, eggs were found throughout the study (2014–2018). Other western and southern municipalities became positive in 2017 and 2018. Ae. albopictus adults were first captured in 2018 by aspiration of the vegetation in an area where eggs had been detected since 2015, suggesting a progressive establishment of a self-sustained population. Incidence of insect bites in humans was roughly constant over the study period except for a significant increase in 2018 in the Health County where eggs had been detected since 2014. Densities of Ae. albopictus eggs in positive areas remained at similar levels over the years. (4) Conclusion: Multiple approaches and standardized methods are necessary to successfully control this vector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites

Goiri

González

Goikolea

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, even with the lower number of Ae. albopictus in Ticino, a study carried out in 2018 in six municipalities of the canton estimated that the risk of outbreak in the case of the introduction of chikungunya, dengue or Zika viruses was present in all the municipalities investigated [ 31 ]. Consequently, a strategy for preventing and managing potential arbovirus outbreaks, as well as the surveillance and control activities of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of integrated Aedes albopictus management in southern Switzerland

et al. 2021

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Background The exotic invasive tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, appeared in southern Switzerland in 2003. The spread of the mosquito has been surveyed constantly since then, and an integrated vector management (IVM) has been implemented to control its numbers. The control measures focus on the aquatic phase of the mosquito with removal of breeding sites and applications of larvicides in public areas whereas private areas are reached through extensive public information campaigns. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the IVM. Methods Since all the municipalities with Ae. albopictus in southern Switzerland are currently implementing the IVM, Italian municipalities just across the Swiss-Italian border, where Ae. albopictus is present but no coordinated intervention programme is in place, served as control. Ovitraps and adult female traps were used to measure mosquito abundance in 2019. Generalised mixed-effects models were used to model the numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs and adult females collected. These numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs were compared to the numbers of eggs collected in 2012 and 2013 in a previous assessment of the IVM, using a hurdle model. Results Mean numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs and adult females in 2019 were consistently higher in the municipalities not following an IVM programme. In these municipalities, there were about four times (3.8) more eggs than in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme. Also, the numbers of eggs and adult females increased steadily from the beginning of the Ae. albopictus reproductive season, reaching a peak in August. In contrast, the increase in numbers of Ae. albopictus was much more contained in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme, without reaching an evident peak. Comparison with data from 2012 and 2013 indicates that the gap between intervention and non-intervention areas may have almost doubled in the past 6 years. Conclusions The results of the survey strongly support the efficacy of the IVM programme implemented in southern Switzerland compared to municipalities without defined control measures. With the constant implementation of an IVM, it appears possible to contain the numbers of Ae. albopictus at a manageable level, reducing the nuisance for the human population and the risk of arbovirus epidemics. Graphical Abstract

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“…Moreover, even with the lower number of Ae. albopictus in Ticino, a study carried out in 2018 in six municipalities of the canton estimated that the risk of outbreak in the case of the introduction of chikungunya, dengue or Zika viruses was present in all the municipalities investigated (30). Consequently, a strategy for preventing and managing potential arbovirus outbreaks, as well as the surveillance and control activities of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Integrated Aedes albopictus Management in Southern Switzerland

Ravasi

Monton

Tanadini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe exotic invasive tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, appeared in southern Switzerland in 2003. The spread of the mosquito has been surveyed constantly since then and an integrated vector management (IVM) has been implemented to control its numbers. The control measures focus on the aquatic phase of the mosquito with removal of breeding sites and larvicide applications in public areas. Private areas are reached through extensive information campaigns to citizens. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the IVM.MethodsSince all the municipalities with Ae. albopictus in southern Switzerland are currently implementing the IVM, Italian municipalities just across the Swiss-Italian border, where Ae. albopictus is present but no coordinated intervention programme is in place, served as control. Ovitraps and adult female traps were used to measure mosquito abundance in 2019. Generalised Mixed-Effects Models were used to model the numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs and adult females collected. The numbers of Ae. albopictus eggs were then compared to the numbers of eggs collected in 2012-2013 in a previous assessment of the IVM, using a hurdle model.ResultsMean Ae. albopictus egg and adult female numbers in 2019 were consistently higher in the municipalities not following an IVM programme. In these municipalities, there were about four times (3.8) more eggs than in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme. Also, the numbers of eggs and adult females increased steadily from the beginning of the Ae. albopictus reproductive season, reaching a peak in August. In contrast, the increase in numbers of Ae. albopictus was much more contained in the municipalities implementing an IVM programme, without reaching an evident peak. Comparison with data from 2012 and 2013 showed that the gap between intervention and non-intervention areas has almost doubled in the past six years.ConclusionsThe results of the survey demonstrate the efficacy of the IVM programme implemented in southern Switzerland, compared to municipalities not implementing defined control measures. With the constant implementation of an IVM, it is possible to contain the numbers of Ae. albopictus at a manageable level, reducing the nuisance for the human population and the risk of arbovirus epidemics.

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Evaluation of the public health risk for autochthonous transmission of mosquito‐borne viruses in southern Switzerland

Abstract: Epidemics of mosquito-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue fever are becoming more frequent around the world.

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites

Progressive Invasion of Aedes albopictus in Northern Spain in The Period 2013–2018 and A Possible Association with The Increase in Insect Bites

Effectiveness of integrated Aedes albopictus management in southern Switzerland

Effectiveness of Integrated Aedes albopictus Management in Southern Switzerland

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