Evaluation of the re-mineralization capacity of a gold nanoparticle-based dental varnish: An in vitro study

Abstract

Background: Dental caries is an infectious microbial disease caused by acidogenic bacteria. It leads to the dissolution of enamel, dentin, and cementum. Enamel demineralization is often appreciated as' 'White Chalky lesions or Chalky enamel''. Standard procedures for protection of these teeth are fissure sealing and topical fluoride application. A varnish is generally a material in which a resin such as copal is dissolved within an organic solvent such as ethanol. Gold is one of the most biocompatible dental materials. Gold nanoparticles were biosynthesised using aspartic acid in previous studies. Aim and Objectives: To prepare a gold nanoparticle based dental varnish and to evaluate its re-mineralizing capacity. Materials and Methods: Gold nanoparticle dental varnish was prepared using all the necessary constituents. This newly prepared dental varnish was compared with G.C Fuji/SnF2 dental varnish. Demineralizing capacity of the dental varnishes were analysed. The tooth specimens were prepared according to methodology and mounted on resin blocks. They were subjected to demineralization remineralization cycles. ICP-OES and Knoop Hardness tests were performed. Results: AuNP dental varnish had a satisfactory remineralization effect on demineralised enamel. For calcium analysis, the AuNP group showed significantly more total calcium loss when compared to the SnF2 group (P < 0.05) and was statistically significant. For phosphorus analysis, AuNP group showed significantly greater net phosphorus loss compared to the SnF2 group (P < 0.05) and was statistically significant. It was also observed that the KHN increased more significantly in Group A (SnF2) as compared to Group B (AuNP) and was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: AuNP dental varnish showed considerable re mineralizing property; however, it was not superior to dental varnishes like SnF2 dental varnish. Further research needs to be done in vitro to better modify the AuNP dental varnish before proceeding to in vivo studies.

Preparation and Cytotoxic Effect of Pterocarpus santalinus Selenium Based Mouthwash

“…Many previous reports have recommended the possible use of plant extracts in oral care for effective and efficient inhibition of microflora by natural antimicrobials (31,34)(10). Nevertheless, the potential benefits of chemotherapeutic formulations in mouth rinses provide thrust for research in verdict effective mouth rinses for oral care [35,36].…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Boerhavia diffusa Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle

“…The number of functionally intact β-cells in the islet organ is of decisive importance for the development course and outcome of diabetes [34,35]. Potent antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria shown by the leaves of B.diffusa might be due to the phytochemicals present in the leaves [36,37]. Boerhaavia diffusa extracts exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and the antiestrogenic effects are mediated by ER [38].…”

Curcumin Coated Orthosiphon Stamineus Leaf Extract Based Selenium Nanoparticle for Potential Tissue Engineering Applications

“…One of the important applications of nanotechnology is target-specific drug delivery. NPs possess unique physiochemical, optical, and biological properties [4][5][6][7][8]. NPs are used as a nanocarrier for drug delivery, to improve the stability and pharmacokinetics of the drug, and are also used as an alternative for antimicrobial agents [9,10] Selenium is a nutritional element that is required in trace amounts by the body for many metabolic pathways and also it exists in different oxidation states [10][11][12] Selenium has got innumerable applications in various fields such as metallurgical, medical, and chemical industries [13].…”