Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Invasive Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Clinicopathological Parameters

Abstract

Scan to discover onlineBackground & Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between invasive front (IF) of tumors and clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, nodal involvement, lymphocytic host response (LHR), recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).Methods: A total of 87 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biopsies were evaluated. Clinical stage, grading, nodal involvement, time of recurrence, OS, and DFS were assessed. The number of tumor budding cells in the IF was measured by two pathologists with an optic microscope. IF was graded to low risk (<5) and high risk (>5), according to the counting of tumor budding as a single cancer cell or cluster cells. Also, LHR was reported in the IF as mild, moderate, and severe.Results: IF was reported in 43.7% of patients as a low-risk group and 49.4% as a high-risk group. LHR was also mild in 31%, moderate in 25.3%, and severe in 43.7% of the patients. Most of the patients were in stage IV (31%) and grade 1 (60.9%). The high risk IF group had a significant statistical relationship with stage (P=0.001), grade (P=0.039), five years OS (P=0.03), five years DSF (P=0.01), and lymph node involvement (P=0.007). The relation between LHR and stage of disease was significant (P=0.034). Conclusion:Considering the essential role of histopathological reports in the treatment plan of patients and the relationship between IF and clinical parameters, IF evaluation in routine histopathological examinations, especially in the early stages of OSCC, seems to be necessary.

Genes involved in metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

“…21 The relatively low survival rate of OSCC-afflicted patients is mainly attributed to its high propensity for lymphatic metastasis. 17,[22][23][24] Metastasis is a stage of tumor development that includes a variety of processes, such as the development of cellular motility and invasion capabilities, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. Therefore, several steps are required for cancer cells to spread from their original site to the metastatic one, as shown in the invasion-metastasis cascade.…”

“…Poor therapeutic results and decreased patient survival are caused by the highly malignant phenotype of OSCC, which includes the existence of nodal and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis 21 . The relatively low survival rate of OSCC‐afflicted patients is mainly attributed to its high propensity for lymphatic metastasis 17,22–24 …”

“…Diffusion of tumoral cells from the initial location to an anatomically distant place is defined as distant metastasis. Notably, up to 40% of OSCC patients may develop metastasis 23,24 . Furthermore, nonmetastatic patients can benefit from the local treatment of the original tumor, while neck lymph node dissection is typically required in cases with metastasis.…”

“… 21 The relatively low survival rate of OSCC‐afflicted patients is mainly attributed to its high propensity for lymphatic metastasis. 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 …”

“…Notably, up to 40% of OSCC patients may develop metastasis. 23 , 24 Furthermore, nonmetastatic patients can benefit from the local treatment of the original tumor, while neck lymph node dissection is typically required in cases with metastasis. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism involving epigenetic regulation in OSCC metastasis has long been awaited because it correlates well with a poor prognosis.…”