“…They are becoming increasingly important alternative antimicrobial agents in the medical field due to the emergence of pathogenic microbes with resistance to conventional antibiotics [11]. Antimicrobial Ag NM have been studied as dental resins [12], artificial bone growth supports [13], textiles [14], hydrogels [15], biocompatible polymer films [16], implant/prosthetic materials [17], food packaging [18], household and hospital paint coatings [19,20], water treatment systems [21e23], and in sewerage systems [24].…”