Evaluation of the safety profile and antioxidant activity of fatty hydroxamic acid from underutilized seed oil of Cyperus esculentus

Abstract

A B S T R A C TObjective: To evaluate the safety profile and antioxidant activity of fatty hydroxamic acid (FHA) from the seed oil of Cyperus esculentus (C. esculentus). Methods: FHA was synthesized from the seed oil of C. esculentus via a two-step reaction system. The FHA was later subjected to antioxidant activity test using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picyrl hydrazyl assay. Additionally, adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of five rats each and were orally administered with FHA at 0, 5, 15 and 50 mg/kg for seven days. Clinical observations and serum biochemical parameters were assessed to monitor treatment-related adverse effects in the rats. Results: Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that FHA was synthesised from the seed oil of C. esculentus. The antioxidant property of FHA increased as the concentration reduced below 0.05 mg/mL. Result of oral administration of FHA revealed no adverse effect levels at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day. However, the adverse effects seen in rats receiving 15 mg/kg/day (the least observed adverse effect level) were significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, triglycerides, and creatinine levels. Moderate hyperalbuminemia and hypoalbuminemia resulted in an increased albumin/globulin ratio. These effects might be the result of a physiological response to exposure to a very high level of FHA which is not part of the normal diet, and are most likely not toxicologically relevant. Conclusions: C. esculentus has been presented as a potential source of feed stock for the synthesis of a relatively cheap and non toxic FHA which has antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity.

Green synthesized hydroxamic acid administered in high dose disrupts the antioxidant balance in the hepatic and splenic tissues of albino rats

“…Control: administered 1 ml distilled water, orally, once, daily Treatment groups 1-3: administered 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg hydroxamic acid, respectively, orally, once, daily. These doses represented low, medium, and high doses of exposure, as reported previously [17].…”

“…The seeds of Cyperus esculentus were purchased from Festac Town market in Lagos State, Nigeria and identified at the Herbarium Unit, Botany Department University of Ibadan. Hydroxamic acid was synthesized from C. esculentus seeds, as previously described [17]. Briefly, oil extracted from the seeds of C. esculentus was reacted with 2.75 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 16.5 mL of water, followed by addition of potassium hydroxide, and ethanol.…”

“…After cooling, the resulting solid was filtered and dried to give hydroxamic acid. The infrared spectra of hydroxamic acid have been previously reported [17].…”

Mitochondrial alternative oxidase contributes to successful tardigrade anhydrobiosis

“…MitoTEMPO is a well-known mitochondria-specific superoxide scavenger. Since this activity is also suggested for hydroxamic acids, including BHAM [ 43 , 44 ], we checked the effect of MitoTEMPO presence during tun formation on animals’ return to full activity. For the studied duration of the tun stage (3 and 60 days), the presence of MitoTEMPO during tun formation did not affect the return to full activity in a statistically significant way (Fig.…”

Characterization of Oil Extracted from Two Varieties of Tiger Nut (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> L.) Tubers

“…It showed that Tiger nut tuber oil can replace imported olive, maize, sunflower and / or soy bean oils in foods to face the high consumption of edible oils in Egypt [7]. Safety profile and antioxidant activity of fatty hydroxamic acid from underutilized seed oil of Cyperus esculentus was evaluated [8]. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Vegetable Oil and Defatted Meal from Two Varieties of Cyperus esculentus from Benin was reported [9].…”