2004
DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006067
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Evaluation of the standard membrane feeding assay (SMFA) for the determination of malaria transmission-reducing activity using empirical data

Abstract: Host responses to the transmittable stages of the malaria parasite may reduce transmission effectively. Transmission-reducing activity (TRA) of human serum can be determined as a percentage, using the Standard Membrane Feeding Assay (SMFA). This laboratory assay was evaluated using the results of 121 experiments with malaria-endemic sera among which many repeated measurements were obtained. The assay consists of the feeding of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes with cultured Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes, mixe… Show more

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Cited by 83 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…These data suggest that the compound is a potent inhibitor of gametocyte maturation in vitro at concentrations as low as 50 nM. Consistent with this observation, when fed to mosquitoes through a standard membrane-feeding assay (SMFA) (23), all three cultures treated with 5 nM KAF156 yielded zero oocysts (Fig. 4B).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These data suggest that the compound is a potent inhibitor of gametocyte maturation in vitro at concentrations as low as 50 nM. Consistent with this observation, when fed to mosquitoes through a standard membrane-feeding assay (SMFA) (23), all three cultures treated with 5 nM KAF156 yielded zero oocysts (Fig. 4B).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…The SMFA was used to test the potential effects of compounds or drugs on parasite sporogony in the mosquito as previously described (22, 23). Briefly, 14-day-old cultures of strain NF54 showing 0.3 to 0.5% mature gametocytes were first checked for their quality and potential to form oocysts in a preliminary test feed to anopheles mosquitoes.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SMFA has traditionally been evaluated in terms of the reduction in oocyst density compared to controls [69] which gives reproducible results for potent antibody concentrations [70,71]. However, high densities of gametocytes as used in the SMFA and related oocyst densities are not representative for natural infections [70][71][72][73][74][75]. It is, therefore, difficult to directly translate SMFA outcomes on a density scale to a predicted impact on malaria transmission in the community [74,76].…”
Section: The Standard Membrane Feeding Assaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is because even mosquitoes with only one oocyst will produce salivary gland sporozoites [65] and may be (equally) infectious, therefore, as mosquitoes with many oocysts. Therefore, reducing oocyst densities may have little effect on overall malaria transmission unless it also results in significant reduction in oocyst prevalence in the mosquitoes Although oocyst prevalence and density are positively associated in experiments, substantial reductions in density are needed to obtain lower prevalence rates [70,71,77]. As a result, a relatively large number of mosquitoes is needed for precise estimates of transmission reducing activity at the scale of mosquito infection prevalence [77].…”
Section: The Standard Membrane Feeding Assaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The level of naturally acquired TBI can be estimated by the proportion of sera displaying transmission-reducing activity in a given human population and is measured using the standard mosquito membrane feeding assay (SMFA) (van der Kolk et al 2005) and the direct MFA (Mulder et al 1999). …”
Section: Induction Of Tbi In Areas Of High and Low Malaria Transmissimentioning
confidence: 99%