Evaluation of the static and seismic active lateral earth pressure for c-f soils by the ZEL method

Abstract

The method of Zero Extension Lines (ZEL) has been used to evaluate the static and seismic active lateral earth pressure on an inclined wall retaining c back ll. The equilibrium equations along the zero extension lines have been solved using the nite di erence method. A computer code is prepared to analyze the retaining wall, calculate the ZEL network and the distribution of the active lateral earth pressure behind the retaining wall. The total active force on the retaining wall was de ned as the lateral earth pressure coe cients due to the soil unit weight, the surcharge, and the soil cohesion. The variations of the active lateral earth pressure coe cients with changes in di erent parameters, such as the inclination of the earth and wall, the friction angle of the soil, the adhesion of the soil-wall interface, the horizontal and vertical pseudo-static earthquake coe cients, have been obtained. The results have been obtained for soils with associated and non-associated ow rules. The e ect of the dilation angle has also been considered. The results obtained in this study are very close to those of other methods and con rm that the ZEL method can be successfully used to evaluate the lateral earth pressure of retaining walls.

Impact of Evaluation of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Collapse Zone at Entrance and Exit of Loess Tunnel

“…Chen et al [24] proposed and verified a rapid extraction method for automatic identification of slope slip lines, which can reduce the influence of grid size and avoid the subjectivity of artificially defining slip lines. Keshavarz et al [25][26][27] evaluated the active lateral earth pressure by stress characteristic method or sliding line method, considered the influence of surface slope, wall angle, adhesion and friction angle of soil-wall interface, evaluated the influence of retaining wall geometry and soil-wall interface parameters. Santhoshkumar et al [28] proposed a sliding line solution to analyze active earth pressure on cantilever retaining walls supported by layered non-cohesive backfill, which can track adaptive failure surfaces by developing a network of slip lines based on the properties of each layer.…”

Axisymmetric active lateral earth pressure for c- soils using the stress characteristics method

“…To solve this stress discontinuity, the method proposed by Lee and Herington [19] is used with some modi cations [7,34]. Figure 7 shows typical stress characteristics networks for the inward and outward retaining walls.…”

“…She considered the plastic critical depth in the solution. Furthermore, many other researchers have studied the active lateral earth pressure problem [6][7][8].…”