Evaluation of the surface fatigue behavior of amorphous carbon coatings through cyclic nanoindentation

Weikert, Tim; Wartzack, Sandro; Baloglu, Maximilian Volkan; Willner, Kai; Gabel, Stefan; Merle, Benoit; Pineda, Fabiola; Walczak, Magdalena; Marian, Max; Rosenkranz, Andreas; Tremmel, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126769

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The UHMWPE could be polished comparatively easily and exhibited a homogenous and smooth surface with only occasional surface defects. The images of the coated surfaces (Figure 4b,e,h) displayed slight cauliflower-like topographies indicating columnar growth [35]. This could be mainly attributed to the applied sputtering technology, which induced fewer defects than the droplet formation promoting arc evaporation.…”

Section: Coating Topography and Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

“…This was also reflected in the distinct increase of H IT /E IT and H IT 3 /E IT 2 (Table 2). The latter can be seen as an indicator for the material's capability to undergo deformation while withstanding mechanical and tribological stresses [31,35]. Here, Ti64…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, the relatively smaller indentation modulus might contribute to an increased ability of the coating system to sag without flowing (elastic strain to failure) [123]. Thus, the pressures from tribological loading can be decreased by increasing the contact dimensions [35]. When comparing the H IT…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing the hydrogen content in the DLC layer can also lessen residual stresses and promote adhesion but reduces hardness. Therefore, multilayer coating architectures or intermediate layers are frequently employed [34,35]. To ensure good coating adhesion on Ti64 and CoCr, Ti- [36] and Cr-based [37] metal-carbide [26] or metal-nitride [38,39] interlayers have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Total Knee Replacements—Part I: Deposition, Cytocompatibility, Chemical and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2021

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have the potential to reduce implant wear and thus to contribute to avoiding premature failure and increase service life of total knee replacements (TKAs). This two-part study addresses the development of such coatings for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial inlays as well as cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCr) and titanium (Ti64) alloy femoral components. While a detailed characterization of the tribological behavior is the subject of part II, part I focusses on the deposition of pure (a‑C:H) and tungsten-doped hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon coatings (a‑C:H:W) and the detailed characterization of their chemical, cytological, mechanical and adhesion behavior. The coatings are fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and display typical DLC morphology and composition, as verified by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Their roughness is higher than that of the plain substrates. Initial screening with contact angle and surface tension as well as in vitro testing by indirect and direct application indicate favorable cytocompatibility. The DLC coatings feature excellent mechanical properties with a substantial enhancement of indentation hardness and elastic modulus ratios. The adhesion of the coatings as determined in modified scratch tests can be considered as sufficient for the use in TKAs.

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Section: Coating Topography and Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Total Knee Replacements—Part I: Deposition, Cytocompatibility, Chemical and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2021

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“…At the same time, the relatively lower indentation modulus leads to an increased ability of the coatings to sag without flowing [33]. As a result, the pressures induced by tribological loading may be reduced by increasing the contact dimensions [49]. Thus, it can be considered that the developed a-C:H coatings enable a very advantageous wear behavior [28,50].…”

Section: Data Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Amorphous Carbon Coatings Using Gaussian Processes and Advanced Data Visualization

et al. 2022

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In recent years, an increasing number of machine learning applications in tribology and coating design have been reported. Motivated by this, this contribution highlights the use of Gaussian processes for the prediction of the resulting coating characteristics to enhance the design of amorphous carbon coatings. In this regard, by using Gaussian process regression (GPR) models, a visualization of the process map of available coating design is created. The training of the GPR models is based on the experimental results of a centrally composed full factorial 23 experimental design for the deposition of a‑C:H coatings on medical UHMWPE. In addition, different supervised machine learning (ML) models, such as Polynomial Regression (PR), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN) are trained. All models are then used to predict the resulting indentation hardness of a complete statistical experimental design using the Box–Behnken design. The results are finally compared, with the GPR being of superior performance. The performance of the overall approach, in terms of quality and quantity of predictions as well as in terms of usage in visualization, is demonstrated using an initial dataset of 10 characterized amorphous carbon coatings on UHMWPE.

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Cyclic Nanoindentation for Local High Cycle Fatigue Investigations: A Methodological Approach Accounting for Thermal Drift

et al. 2023

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Cyclic nanoindentation allows characterizing the influence of single phases and their interactions on fatigue mechanisms. Herein, a method for high cycle fatigue testing by nanoindentation is presented. By combining high‐ and low‐frequency indentation modes, high cycle numbers are achieved while obtaining sufficient data points to reconstruct force–displacement hysteresis loops. A challenge is the stochastic course of thermal drift which is addressed by measuring drift rate in regular low‐force holding segments. Drift rates are used to correct the displacement values, yielding reproducible cyclic deformation data as it is shown for two very different materials, a ductile metal and a brittle ceramic.

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Evaluation of the surface fatigue behavior of amorphous carbon coatings through cyclic nanoindentation

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Total Knee Replacements—Part I: Deposition, Cytocompatibility, Chemical and Mechanical Properties

Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Total Knee Replacements—Part I: Deposition, Cytocompatibility, Chemical and Mechanical Properties

Design of Amorphous Carbon Coatings Using Gaussian Processes and Advanced Data Visualization

Cyclic Nanoindentation for Local High Cycle Fatigue Investigations: A Methodological Approach Accounting for Thermal Drift

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