Evaluation of the synergistic antifungal effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde combination and its mechanism of action against Rhizopus stolonifer in vitro and in vivo

Phyo, Hsu Mon; Ju, Jianting; Al‐Maqtari, Qais Ali; Yao, Weirong

doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102658

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…2), some main reasons inducing the rotting of the papaya may be anthracnose, fusarium fruit rot, or rhizopus rot, which are caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , and species of Fusarium or Rhizopus stolonifera , respectively 4 . The CC‐ γ ‐CD inclusion complex could release cinnamon EO over time, and in fact, it can inhibit the development of fungi and prevent disease 31‐33 . The inclusion complex at a higher concentration might therefore lead to higher anti‐fungal ability, and thus might result in longer shelf‐life of papaya fruit in the CC‐ γ ‐CD 10 group than the CC‐ γ ‐CD 2.5 group and the control group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The CCγ-CD inclusion complex could release cinnamon EO over time, and in fact, it can inhibit the development of fungi and prevent disease. [31][32][33] The inclusion complex at a higher concentration might therefore lead to higher anti-fungal ability, and thus might result in longer shelf-life of papaya fruit in the CC-γ-CD 10 group than the CC-γ-CD 2.5 group and the control group. Indeed, the results illustrated that CC-γ-CD at a concentration of 10 g kg −1 could preserve postharvest papaya fruit, and extend the shelf life by 55% and 16% in comparison with the control and the CC-γ-CD 2.5 samples, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Cc-γ-cd Inclusion Complex On Papaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cinnamon essential oil/γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex on papaya quality and shelf‐life

Phan,

Tran,

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BackgroundPapaya, a highly nutritious and economically significant fruit, is susceptible to infections caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Cinnamon essential oil, derived from Cinnamomum cassia (CC), shows promise in preserving papaya due to its antifungal properties. However, CC is volatile, sensitive to environmental factors, and carries a strong aroma. γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) is known for encapsulating hydrophilic molecules, shielding them from environmental influences, reducing odor, and enabling controlled release due to its unique channel structure. This study aimed to tackle these challenges by preparing and characterizing an inclusion complex of CC with γ‐CD (CC‐γ‐CD), subsequently evaluating its efficacy in preserving papaya fruits.ResultsThe characteristic analyses, including Fourier‐infrared, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravity analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and scanning electron microscopy, revealed successful encapsulation of CC components within the γ‐CD cavity. Evaluations of the CC‐γ‐CD complex's impact on papaya fruit shelf‐life and quality showed notable enhancements. Fruits treated with CC‐γ‐CD inclusion complex at a dose of 10 g kg−1 exhibited a 55% extension in shelf‐life, evidenced by reduced disease severity index compared to untreated fruit in the same storage conditions. Moreover, detailed physicochemical and bromatological assessments highlighted significant improvements, particularly in fruit treated with CC‐γ‐CD inclusion complex at a dose of 10 g kg−1.ConclusionThe application of CC‐γ‐CD inclusion complex at 10 g kg−1 significantly extended the shelf‐life of papaya fruit and markedly improved the overall quality. These findings underscore the potential of CC‐γ‐CD inclusion complex as an effective preservative for papaya, offering a promising solution for its postharvest management and marketability.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Cc-γ-cd Inclusion Complex On Papaya Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cinnamon essential oil/γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex on papaya quality and shelf‐life

Phan,

Tran,

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Effect of Co. 5h-1 on Mycelial Morphology and Ultrastructure. According to a reported method, 32 the DMSO and Co. 5h-1 (the EC 50 value) were added into the PDA as blank and treatment groups, respectively. Then, the V. mali were vaccinated and cultured at PDA for about 72 h. Finally, the samples were prepared according to the standard sample preparation process and observed by SEM and TEM, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a reported method, the DMSO and Co. 5h-1 (the EC 50 value) were added into the PDA as blank and treatment groups, respectively. Then, the V.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Potential Rosin-Based Triazole Antifungal Candidates to Control Valsa mali for Sustainable Crop Protection

Xu,

Han,

Lou

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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To investigate the potential application value of dehydroabietic acid, 27 novel dehydroabietyl-1,2,4-triazole-5thioether-based derivatives were designed and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and LC-MS. Their antifungal activities were evaluated against five plant fungi, namely, Valsa mali, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Gaeumannomyces graminis; the results showed that compound 5h-1 (Co. 5h-1) exhibited a considerable inhibitory effect against V. mali. Moreover, in vivo experiments indicated that Co. 5h-1 had a certain protective effect on apple branches. The preliminary structure−activity relationship analysis suggested that the electron-withdrawing group on the benzyl group was significantly better than that of other substituent derivatives. Through electron microscopy analysis, it was found that Co. 5h-1 hindered the growth of mycelia, damaged their cell structure, and caused the large accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preliminary research on the mode of action indicated that Co. 5h-1 could affect the activity of CAT by increasing the α-helix (0.790%), decreasing the βsheet (0.170%), which led to the accumulation of ROS. In addition, Co. 5h-1 also affected the activity of CYP51, hindered the biosynthesis of ergosterol, and increased cell membrane permeability. Overall, this above research proposed that Co. 5h-1 can be a novel leading structure for development of a fungicide agent.

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Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of eco‐friendly rosin‐based fungicides for sustainable crop protection

Xu,

Kong,

Lou

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDUtilizing fungicides to protect crops from diseases is an effective method, and novel eco‐friendly plant‐derived fungicides with high efficiency and low toxicity are urgent requirements for sustainable crop protection.RESULTTwo series of rosin‐based fungicides (totally 35) were designed and synthesized. In vitro fungicidal activity revealed that Compound 6a (Co. 6a) effectively inhibited the growth of Valsa mali [median effective concentration (EC50) = 0.627 μg mL−1], and in vivo fungicidal activity suggested a significant protective efficacy of Co. 6a in protecting both apple branches (35.12% to 75.20%) and apples (75.86% to 90.82%). Quantum chemical calculations (via density functional theory) results indicated that the primary active site of Co. 6a lies in its amide structure. Mycelial morphology and physiology were investigated to elucidate the mode‐of‐action of Co. 6a, and suggested that Co. 6a produced significant cell membrane damage, accelerated electrolyte leakage, decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) protein activity, and impaired physiological and biochemical functions, culminating in mycelial mortality. Molecular docking analysis revealed a robust binding energy (ΔE = −7.29 kcal mol−1) between Co. 6a and SDH. Subsequently, biosafety evaluations confirmed the environmentally‐friendly nature of Co. 6a via the zebrafish model, yet toxicological results indicated that Co. 6a at median lethal concentration [LC50(96)] damaged the gills, liver and intestines of zebrafish.CONCLUSIONThe above research offers a theoretical foundation for exploiting eco‐friendly rosin‐based fungicidal candidates in sustainable crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Evaluation of the synergistic antifungal effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde combination and its mechanism of action against Rhizopus stolonifer in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of cinnamon essential oil/γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex on papaya quality and shelf‐life

Effect of cinnamon essential oil/γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex on papaya quality and shelf‐life

Discovery of Potential Rosin-Based Triazole Antifungal Candidates to Control Valsa mali for Sustainable Crop Protection

Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of eco‐friendly rosin‐based fungicides for sustainable crop protection

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