Evaluation of the toxicology, anti-lipase, and antioxidant effects of Callistemon citrinus in rats fed with a high fat-fructose diet

Abstract

Context Callistemon citrinus Skeels (Myrtaceae) exhibits many biological activities. Objective This study analyzes for the first time, the toxicity, obesogenic, and antioxidant effects of C. citrinus in rats fed with a high fat-fructose diet (HFFD). Materials and methods Four studies using male Wistar rats were conducted: (a) 7 groups ( n = 3): control (corn oil) and ethanol extract of C. citrinus leaf (single oral dose at 100–4000 mg/kg) for acute toxicity; (b) 2 groups ( n = 8): control (corn oil) and C. citrinus (1000 mg/kg/day) for 28 days for subacute toxicity; (c) 3 groups ( n = 4) with single oral dose of lipid emulsion: control (lipid emulsion), C. citrinus and orlistat (250 and 50 mg/kg, respectively) for lipid absorption; (d) 4 groups ( n = 6): control (normal diet) and 3 groups fed with HFFD: HFFD only, C. citrinus and simvastatin (oral dose 250 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) for 13 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers were evaluated and inhibition of pancreatic lipase was determined in vitro . Results Toxicological studies of C. citrinus showed no differences in biochemical parameters and lethal dose (LD 50 ) was higher than 4000 mg/kg. C. citrinus inhibited pancreatic lipase activity, with IC 50 of 392.00 µg/mL, and decreased lipid absorption by 70%. Additionally, it reduced the body weight 22%, restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the biomarkers of oxidative stress. Conclusions Callistemon citrinus showed an effect against oxidative stress by reducing biomarkers and induced antioxidant system, without toxic effects.

RETRACTED: Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) leaf extracts: phytochemical screening, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-toxic activities on diabetic-induced liver-kidney-testes toxicities and inhibition of α-amylase and lipase enzymes

“…Results of this investigation showed that HFF-diet for 12 weeks increased significantly pancreas and intestine lipase activity, body weight gain and altered serum lipid profile which is in agreement with previous reports [ 26 , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ]. These studies revealed that HFFD could induce obesity by several mechanisms.…”

Development and Evaluation of Phytosomes Containing Callistemon citrinus Leaf Extract: A Preclinical Approach for the Treatment of Obesity in a Rodent Model

“…of Callistemon citrinus and phospholipids were used. This dose has therapeutic efficacy against the inhibition of oxidative stress [ 15 , 32 ] and obesity amelioration [ 16 , 18 ].…”

“…A high-fat diet (HFD) containing 45.4% normal chow (Rodent diet brand Purina rat chow), 14.8% lard, 14.8% vegetable fat, and 25% fructose was daily prepared as reported in [ 16 ]. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 ( n = 6) groups to be fed.…”

“…Callistemon citrinus (Myrtaceae) has been reported to have many biological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic [ 14 , 15 ]. Recently, Ortega-Pérez et al [ 16 ] reported that C. citrinus leaf extract has anti-obesogenic activity and reduces the oxidative stress observed in obesity. C. citrinus has many terpene compounds such as 1-8-cineole, limonene, and α-terpineol [ 17 ].…”

Bioactive Compounds Formulated in Phytosomes Administered as Complementary Therapy for Metabolic Disorders

“…Callistemon citrinus has been described as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiobesogenic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective [198,199]. The main bioactive components are terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids (including eucalyptine, blumenol, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid) which have low oral bioavailability and absorption.…”