Evaluation of the UNREST questionnaire for testing the social resistance framework

Factor, Roni; Kawachi, Ichiro; Williams, Daniel

doi:10.1136/jech-2012-201465

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As can be seen from Table 1, all factor loadings are significant ( p < 0.001) and higher than the traditional threshold of 0.4 (Reisig et al 2007). The Cronbach α value for most scales is higher than the commonly used threshold of 0.7, which supports the reliability of the scales (DeVellis 2003; Factor, Kawachi, and Williams 2013a). The Cronbach’s α values of the “outcomes of the pandemic-policing” scale ( α = 0.61) and “broad societal concerns” scale ( α = 0.63) are somewhat lower, which is expected given that there are only two survey items in each of these scales (Keizer, Dykstra, and Jansen 2008).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

The Roles of Police-Related versus Non-Police-Related Considerations in Shaping Diffused Support for the Police: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jonathan-Zamir,

Factor,

Perry

2024

Int. ann. criminol.

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Global views of the police (often termed “legitimacy”, “trust”, “satisfaction” or “support”) are frequently regarded as the product of micro-level, police-related consideration: beliefs about what the police are doing and how they are doing it. Studies taking a sociological or political perspective have revealed that views unrelated to policing, such as satisfaction with the government, may also be important predictors of global views of the police. However, police-related and non-police-related considerations are frequently not considered together as antecedents of macro-level views of the police. This study aims to illuminate the respective roles of police-related versus non-police-related considerations in shaping citizens’ diffused support for the police while utilizing the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from a panel survey carried out during the first and third peaks of the pandemic in Israel reveal that the only factor which had a direct effect on the drop in diffused support for the police was the public’s assessment of the government’s (not the police’s) performance in handling the pandemic. We conclude by calling for more sophisticated measurement and interpretation of public approval of the police and its antecedents.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

The Roles of Police-Related versus Non-Police-Related Considerations in Shaping Diffused Support for the Police: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jonathan-Zamir,

Factor,

Perry

2024

Int. ann. criminol.

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“…Participants also learned about the "UNREST" study, which showed that power relations within society may encourage members of minority groups to actively engage in acts of everyday resistance and that individuals who feel alienated from the larger society, regardless of the reason, may engage in high-risk behaviors as a mean of voicing their disaffection. 12 Facilitators and participants followed with dialogue about the negative effects of participation in high-risk behaviors on overall health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race matters: Addressing racism as a health issue

Garrison

McKinney-Whitson

Johnston

et al. 2018

Int J Psychiatry Med

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The World Health Organization proclaimed in 1948 that "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." In many underserved communities, the individual and social well-being of patients of color is threatened. The United States is currently experiencing an exacerbation of racial tensions, and as health-care providers, we are dealing with the effects of racism on a daily basis. To effectively address patients' needs, it is imperative that physicians and behavioral health providers acknowledge the racial and socioeconomic challenges that patients face and recognize how these factors transcend to the physical and psychological medical conditions that patients experience. This article highlights an ongoing program that espouses the importance of addressing racism as a health issue and will reveal individual experiences and challenges in addressing it within urban underserved residency program settings. Various viewpoints on racism as a health issue will be offered and will be further clarified by the authors. Collaborators on this project are two underrepresented minority residency program faculty, a resident who is passionate about social justice and who is ethnically different from the majority of his patients, and lastly an international resident of color who has experienced racism directly and indirectly during residency training.

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“…The questionnaire was based on the UNREST and DRQ questionnaires, which have been previously validated (Factor, Kawachi, and Williams 2013a, Factor et al 2013b). In addition, the questionnaire included scales for estimating respondents’ obligation to obey the police and perceptions of procedural justice (Jackson et al 2011; Jonathan-Zamir and Weisburd 2011; Mehozay and Factor 2017; Tyler and Jackson 2014), self-help (vigilantism; Tankebe 2009) and anger (Spielberger et al 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Obligation to Obey the Police in Diverse Societies: A Social Resistance Perspective

Factor,

Trotsky

2024

Int. ann. criminol.

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A sense of obligation to obey the police is an important predictor of public cooperation and compliance with the law. Minorities tend to feel less obligated to obey the police than the majority. Previous work based on the social resistance framework shows that the experiences that shape the lives and attitudes of minorities may encourage them to actively engage in a variety of everyday resistance acts against the majority group, which may include high-risk and delinquent behaviours. The present study tests this framework for the first time concerning the self-perceived obligation to obey the police while also considering different minority groups who experience varying levels of marginalization. We use a representative sample of about 1,100 Israelis from four minority groups – Muslims, immigrants from the former Soviet Union, ultra-Orthodox Jews and Jews of Ethiopian origin – along with the Jewish majority group. The results show that Muslims feel the least obligation to obey the police, followed by Jews of Ethiopian origin. Social resistance was negatively related to the self-perceived obligation to obey the police among Muslims and ultra-Orthodox Jews while controlling for demographic characteristics and previous theoretical explanations, namely procedural justice, self-help and anger.

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Evaluation of the UNREST questionnaire for testing the social resistance framework

Abstract: The preliminary results of our pilot study suggest that the new tool may be useful for testing the framework. The results also provide support for the framework in general.

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The Roles of Police-Related versus Non-Police-Related Considerations in Shaping Diffused Support for the Police: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Roles of Police-Related versus Non-Police-Related Considerations in Shaping Diffused Support for the Police: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Race matters: Addressing racism as a health issue

Subjective Obligation to Obey the Police in Diverse Societies: A Social Resistance Perspective

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