Evaluation of the Use of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component as a Criterion for Administration of P.R.N. Medication

Abstract

Including the score on the PANSS-EC in the criteria used to decide whether to administer p.r.n. psychotropic medication to agitated patients with schizophrenia had an impact on staff decision-making and resulted in a more favorable clinical outcome. Further investigation is warranted to test these findings.

Treatment of agitation in the acute psychiatric setting. An observational study of the effectiveness of intramuscular psychotropic medication

“…Implementation of the PANSS-EC in assessing agitation in newly admitted patients with schizophrenia has been shown to result in a more favourable clinical outcome (11), and might reduce the use of coercive measures (12).…”

Practical Considerations of PRN Medicines Management: An Integrative Systematic Review

“…All studies published in English from 1987 until 2021. Twelve studies were from Australia ( Edwards et al, 2001 ; Geffen et al, 2002 ; Curtis et al, 2007 ; Stein-Parbury et al, 2008 ; Kaur et al, 2009 ; Usher et al, 2009 ; Usher et al, 2010 ; Mullen and Drinkwater, 2011 ; Russell et al, 2014 ; Barr et al, 2018 ; Stasinopoulos et al, 2018 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ), five from the United States ( Gordon et al, 2008 ; Carder, 2012 ; McCarthy et al, 2013 ; McCarthy et al, 2019 ; Procaccini et al, 2020 ), four from Canada ( Craven et al, 1987 ; Swart et al, 2011 ; Martin et al, 2018a ; Walsh et al, 2020 ), three from the United Kingdom ( Di Giulio and Crow, 1997 ; Baker et al, 2007a ; Griffiths et al, 2019 ), two from Saudi Arabia ( Al-Sughayir, 2014 ; Al-Sughayir, 2017 ), one from Germany ( Dörks et al, 2016 ), one from Ireland ( Jimu and Doyle, 2019 ), one from Norway ( Nilsen et al, 2020 ), one from Scotland ( Akram et al, 2014 ), and one from Thailand ( Chaichan, 2008 ).…”

“…Regarding their methods, 11 studies used the chart review method ( Craven et al, 1987 ; Curtis et al, 2007 ; Chaichan, 2008 ; Stein-Parbury et al, 2008 ; Kaur et al, 2009 ; Mullen and Drinkwater, 2011 ; Swart et al, 2011 ; Akram et al, 2014 ; Al-Sughayir, 2014 ; Russell et al, 2014 ; Al-Sughayir, 2017 ), six were cross-sectional ( Di Giulio and Crow, 1997 ; Geffen et al, 2002 ; Gordon et al, 2008 ; Dörks et al, 2016 ; Barr et al, 2018 ; Griffiths et al, 2019 ), six were qualitative ( Usher et al, 2009 ; Usher et al, 2010 ; Carder, 2012 ; Jimu and Doyle, 2019 ; Nilsen et al, 2020 ; Walsh et al, 2020 ), three were interventional ( Edwards et al, 2001 ; McCarthy et al, 2013 ; McCarthy et al, 2019 ), two were secondary analysis ( Stasinopoulos et al, 2018 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ), one was Delphi technique ( Baker et al, 2007a ), one was mixed-methods ( Martin et al, 2018a ), and one was qualitative improvement ( Procaccini et al, 2020 ).…”

“…A specifically designed sheet containing headings for medication name, dose, route of administration, and an empty space for the physician’s instructions should be devised for the prescriptions of PRN medications ( Craven et al, 1987 ). Also, details of the reason for PRN medication use ( Chaichan, 2008 ), the time interval between the doses of medications ( Craven et al, 1987 ; Chaichan, 2008 ), maximum dosage limit per 24 h ( Craven et al, 1987 ), and sequencing PRN medications for the same healthcare problem, if applicable, ( Procaccini et al, 2020 ), should be specified.…”

Managing acute agitation and aggression in the world of drug shortages

“…The more clinically relevant screening tools in acute adult psychiatry populations are reviewed in Table 1. 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Patient Case Part 2: Importance of Structured Professional Judgement H.N. is now being transported to the ED.…”