Evaluation of the vaginal microbiome in clinical diagnosis and management of vaginal infectious diseases

Li, Ting; Liu, Zhaohui; Li, Kui; Bai, Huihui

doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000211

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Human vaginal flora is a complex and protective environment, which enables the maintenance of vaginal pH levels and microbial balance to withstand the invasion of pathogenic fungi and protozoa. However, any imbalance in the naturally occurring bacterial flora may result in infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginitis (BV), cytolytic vaginosis (CV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV), the clinical symptoms of which, such as abnormal leucorrhea, increased discharge, vulval itching, burning pain, and so on, occurring [1,2]. Women suffering from these conditions can experience preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis, sexually transmitted infections, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disease [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of aerobic vaginitis among women in Xi’an district: a hospital-based study

et al. 2020

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Background: Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a reproductive tract infection that affects health of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of simple and mixed AV patients in Xi'an district and provide reference data for the clinical treatment of AV. Methods: Patients were recruited from the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from September 2014 to April 2019 in strict accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study principally examined the vaginal ecosystem, age distribution, levels of functional enzymes, and changes in pH levels in these women. Differences within groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 284 AV patients were enrolled to investigate the distribution of simple and mixed AV infection. AV infection was found to be mainly simple infection. Simple AV patients were generally aged 50-60 years, while mixed AV patients were mostly aged 30-40 years. In the present study, the density of vaginal bacteria (OR = 13.294, 95% CI = 5.869-30.115, P < 0.01), the type of predominant bacteria (OR = 3.962, 95% CI = 1.785-7.984, P < 0.01) and positive expression of coagulase (OR = 3.789, 95% CI = 1.798-7.984, P < 0.01) were considered risk factors for mixed AV infection. Conclusions: The epidemiology of simple and mixed AV infection were found to be different, with density of vaginal bacteria (I or IV), species that are predominant and levels of coagulase being risk factors for mixed AV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of aerobic vaginitis among women in Xi’an district: a hospital-based study

et al. 2020

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“…As demonstrated in previous studies, microbiota affects the reproductive system either directly or indirectly (Bradford & Ravel, 2017;Ma et al, 2017;Moraes et al, 2014;Pal, 2015;Stumpf et al, 2013). Imbalanced vaginal microbiota and vaginal infection have been directly correlated to infertility as per the previous studies (Li et al, 2019). For instance, fungal infection of the reproductive system, such as human vulvovaginitis (Hedayati et al, 2015), cervicitis (Dascanio et al, 2010), and cow's clinical vaginitis (Al-Fatllawy, 2014), severely affects fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Analysis of the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas using metagenomics sequencing

Zhang

Zhai

et al. 2020

MicrobiologyOpen

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“…(E) Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was assessed by Nugent score and a score of 7 to 10 was de ned as BV [15] (Table S2). Aerobic vaginitis (AV) were assessed by VMES according to the AV score [9,10](Table S3).…”

Section: Vaginal Microecology Evaluation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wet preparations of vaginal swab samples that are examined microscopically and stained by Gram staining are studied using the tool. It consists of two parts, one is the morphological characterizations encompassing bacterial density, ora diversity, predominant ora, pathogenic microorganisms and indicators of in ammation, the other is the functional indexes, including vaginal pH, cleanliness, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activity of sialidase, β-glucuronidase, leukocyte esterase, and acetylglucosaminidase [9]. In 2016, infectious Disease collaborative group of Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch in Chinese Medical Association proposed the standard VMES and published the expert consensus (Table 1) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of Sialidase in the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections: a Cross-section Study Based on Vaginal Microecology Evaluation System

Liu

Hao

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether any indexes of vaginal microecology evaluation system (VMES) could predict sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: A total of 1032 women, who presented to Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between November 2016 and November 2020, were included in the study. Incident STIs was defined as any case of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and were confirmed using the RNA-based simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) assay. VEMS is structured in two parts, one is the morphological characterizations encompassing bacterial density, flora diversity, predominant flora, pathogenic microorganisms and indicators of inflammation, the other is the functional indexes, including vaginal pH, cleanliness, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sialidase, β-glucuronidase, leukocyte esterase, and acetylglucosaminidase. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed by Gram stain (Nugent score). Associations were mainly assessed using logistic regression (LR).Results: SAT assay detected STIs in 64 (6.2%) of the 1032 samples tested and 136 (13.2%) women had a clinical BV diagnosis using Nugent score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women with sialidase-positive were more likely to test positive for STIs (aOR=3.081, 95% CI=1.586-5.984, P=0.001). Of 896 women without clinical BV, significant association was also found for sialidase and STIs (aOR =4.133, 95% CI= 1.140-14.978, P=0.031).Conclusions: Sialidase may be a useful indicator to help clinicians identify these women who are at risk for STIs, especially in the absence of BV population.

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Evaluation of the vaginal microbiome in clinical diagnosis and management of vaginal infectious diseases

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Characteristics of aerobic vaginitis among women in Xi’an district: a hospital-based study

Characteristics of aerobic vaginitis among women in Xi’an district: a hospital-based study

Analysis of the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas using metagenomics sequencing

Predictive Value of Sialidase in the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections: a Cross-section Study Based on Vaginal Microecology Evaluation System

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